“with+复合宾语”结构与独立主格结构崔长平河南遂平一高（463100）“with+复合宾语”结构和独立主格结构是涉及到非谓语动词用法的两个主要结构，也是学生不易掌握的两个用法。现将其基本构成及一般用法分陈如下：Ⅰ.“with＋复合宾语结构”通常有以下五种构成形式：①with＋宾语＋动词不定式（或动词不定式短语）（本结构中的动词不定式视具体情况可以是一般式、完成式或被动式。）e.g.Withhertohelpme，Ifeelquiteatease.Hewasleftalonewithnoonetolookafterhim.Withhimtogiveusalead，ourteamisboundtoturnoutwell.②with＋宾语＋现在分词（或现在分词短语）（本结构中若使用现在分词的主动形式，说明宾语和宾补之间存在着逻辑上主动的主谓关系；若现在分词使用了被动形式，则说明宾语和宾补之间存在着逻辑上被动的主谓关系。）e.g.Isawherdrivingalong，withherhairstreaminginthewind.Petersoonfellasleepwiththelightstillburning.Iwon′tbeabletogoonholidaywithmymotherbeingill.Fromspacetheearthlookslikeahugewater-coveredglob，withafewpatchesoflandstickingoutabovethewater.Withtheboyleadingtheway，wefoundhishousewithnodifficulty.③with＋宾语＋过去分词（或过去分词短语）（在本结构中，宾语和宾补之间存在着逻辑上被动的主谓关系，）e.g.Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.Shesattherewithherheadbent.Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.④with＋宾语＋介词短语e.g.Thepeasantswalkedtothefieldswithhoesandspadesontheirshoulders.Mr.Smithcameintotheclassroomwitharulerunderhisarmandathickbookinhishand.Helookedathisson，onehundredpacesawaywithanappleonhishead.Bamboogrowsupstraightandthin，withbranchesatthetop.Shelefttheofficewithtearsinhereyes.⑤with＋宾语＋形容词（短语）或副词（短语）e.g.Itisrudetospeakwithyourmouthfull.Heusedtosleepwiththewindowsopen.WithJohnaway，wehavegotmoreroom.Thestreetslookedmorebeautifulwithallthelightson.“with＋复合宾语结构”的否定形式是“without＋复合宾语结构”。e.g.Withoutanyonenoticing，IslippedthroughthewindoIwouldn′tdaretogohomewithoutthejobfinished.Wewanderedonwithoutshoeson.Withoutagardenertokeepittidythroughouttheyear，thegardensoondeteriorated.▲“with/without＋复合宾语结构”常在句中作定语或状语。1.定语e.g.Shesawabrookwithredflowersandgreengrassonbothsides.Andtoday，ifyougotoSaltLakeCity，youcanseeamonumentwithseagullsontopofit.Thecityliesinavalleywithhighmountainsallaroundit.2.状语（常用来表示原因、条件、行为方式、伴随情况等。）e.g.Thepoorgirl，withabasketonherback，searchedalldayfromtheriversidetothefootofthemountain.Withoutanythingleftinthecupboard，shewentouttogetsomethingtoeat.Andersonwaslyingonthebedwithallhisclotheson.Ⅱ.独立主格结构◆将“with＋复合宾语结构”中的with去掉，并把原来作为宾语的宾格代词改为主格代词（名词不再变化），即是一个“独立主格结构”。具体构成形式如下：⑴名词或主格代词＋现在分词（或现在分词短语）（本结构中的现在分词有一般式、完成式、完成进行式、被动式等的变化，要结合具体句意，使用不同的形式。）e.g.Springcomingon，thetreesturnedgreen.ItbeingSunday，thelibrarywasclosed.Therebeingnobuses，wehadtowalkhome.（therebeing是therebe句型的独立主格结构。）Ourwork（havingbeen）finished，wewenthomehurriedly.Thekey（havingbeen）lost，shecouldnotentertheroom.Weatherpermitting，wewillgopicnickingbythewaterfall.Itbeingfine，wewillgoclimbingintheafternoon.Timepermitting，wewillgoforanouting.⑵名词或主格代词＋过去分词（或过去分词短语）（独立主格结构中呈现逻辑上的被动的主谓关系。过去分词体现被动或完成意义。）e.g.Helayonhisback，histeethset，hisrighthandclenchedonhisbreast，andhisglaringeyeslooki...