【口袋书】2021年高考英语必背手册专题一名词一、可数名词微专题核心考点1.变复数一般情况加－sapple→apples；toy→toys；computer→computers；scientists→scientists2.以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的名词变复数加－esglass→glasses；box→boxes；dish→dishes；brush→brushes；watch→watches；match→matches3.辅音字母十y结尾的名词变复数，变y为i再加－esfamily→families；activity→activities；country→countriesfactory→factories4.以f,fe结尾的名词变复数，变为－vesknife→knives；half→halves；leaf→leavesself→selves；wolf→wolves但少数直接加s：roof→roofs；gulf→gulfs；chief→chiefs；belief→beliefs；proof→proofs；safe→safes；handkerchief→handkerchiefs或handkerchieves5.以o结尾的名词变复数，加－s或－es①一般加－es【记忆口诀“两人两菜一火山”，“英雄吃西红柿，黑人吃土豆”】hero→heroes；tomato→tomatoes；Negro→Negroes；potato→potatoes；volcano→volcanoes②其他的一般加－s如：photos；radios；pianos；zoos；bamboos；videos；studios；zeros6.单、复数相同的可数名词sheep；deer；fish(fishes各种各样的鱼）；means(方式，方法)；series(系列；连续)；species（物种；种类）7.表示某国人的复数形式：记忆口诀“中日不变英法变其它s加后面”Chinese→ChineseJapanese→JapaneseEnglishman→EnglishmenFrenchman→FrenchmanGerman→Germans8.名词复数的不规则变化foot→feettooth→teethgoose→geesemouse→miceox→oxenchild→childrenman→menwoman→womenmedium→mediaphenomena→phenomenon9.常以复数形式出现的名词：clothes；trousers；glasses；goods；shorts；scissors；scales；10.习惯上多用复数形式的名词：greetings；congratulations；belongings；wishes；regards；thanks；works(著作；工厂)；manners(礼貌)；instructions(操作说明)；directions(用法说明)；papers(试卷；文件)；times(时代)等。11.合成名词变复数①变中心词policeman→policemen；Frenchman→Frenchmen；postman→postmen；passer-by→passers-by；son-in-law→sons-in-law；ediror→editors-in-cheif；toothbrush→toothbrushes②无中心词时，将－s加在最后go-between→go-betweens；grown-up→grown-ups12.形式上单数，意义上复数的可数名词如：people；police；cattle；public13.形式上复数，意义上单数的名词如：physics；politics；maths；news14.含有名词作定语的名词短语变复数①只变中心词appletrees；shoeshop→shoeshops②man和woman作定语时，与中心词一起变化mandoctor→mendoctors；womanteacher→womenteachers15.名词单复数的特殊形式作整体概念看待时，当单数用，谓语动词也用单数；强调整体中具体人或物时，当复数用，谓语动词也用复数。如：family,army,audience,class,committee,group,team等。注：hair,fruit表头发、水果总称hairs(几根头发），fruits(各种水果）二、不可数名词微专题核心考点1.物质名词，如：chalk,bread,furniture,rubbish,food,cheese2.抽象名词，如：advice,equipment,air,progress,information,education,fun,health,news不和不定冠词连用。3.抽象名词具体化asuccess一个成功的人或事;asurprise一件令人惊奇的事4.物质名词具体化acoffee一杯咖啡twodrinks两杯饮料/两杯酒三、名词加s与不加s意义不同coffee咖啡—coffees几杯咖啡fruit水果总称—fruits(各种水果)good好的—goods货物green绿色的—greens蔬菜iron铁—irons镣铐look看—looks外貌manner方式—manners礼貌Mr.King金先生—theKings金家一家人paper纸—papers文件、试卷、论文people人民—peoples民族sand沙子—sands沙滩time时间—times时代，次数，倍数wood木材—woods森林work工作—works著作，工厂四、名词所有格微专题核心考点1.单数名词词尾+’s表示“......的”如：theboy’smother这个男孩儿的妈妈2.复数名词以s结尾的只+’如：Teachers’Day教师节；Dickens’books狄更斯的作品3.复数名词词尾无s的+’s如：Teachers’Day教师节；Chil...