贵州省农村环境卫生状况调查何平张建华(贵州省疾病预防控制中心贵州贵阳550001)【摘要】目的：了解我省农村环境卫牛状况，为制定农村换卫牛与健康的相关政策和措施提供依据。方法：按照经济发展水平等，选取28个县的560个行政村，采用统一的调查表格进行入户调查。结果：560个村，公厕拥有率为41.07%,农户卫生厕所拥有率为41.36%,57.05%的农户使用非卫生厕所，1.59%的农户无丿则所。农户户丿则清洁率为55.28%,户厕不清洁率为44.72%0农户户厕粪便直接施肥的占61.27%,直接排入下水道的占24.32%,排入沟塘河道的占6.46%,用土掩埋后施肥的占4.10%,高温堆肥处理的占3.85%。调查的560个村，牛活垃圾定点堆放的占50.00%,随意堆放占36.79%,统一收集占13.21%,生活垃圾42.32%是焚烧处理，34.11%是填埋处理。生活污水随意排放占64.64%,生活污水直接排放至农出占40.71%,肓接排放至河流占30.71%。讨论：我省农村户厕粪便多数没有经过无害化处理，牛活垃圾多采取焚烧或填埋方式进行处理,牛活污水多直接排放至农田或河流，这极易造成空气和土壤河流的污染，存在一定的环境污染风险，容易引发相关的疾病，应加以高度重视。【关键词】环境卫牛；丿则所；牛活垃圾；牛活污水【】R195【文献标识码】A【】2095-1752(2015)06-0080-03ThesurveyofruralsarotationsituationinGuizhouProvinceHeping,,Zhang激anhua,GuizhouCenterForDiseaseControlandPrevention,Guiyang,550001[Abstract】Objective:InordertounderstandtheruralsanitationsituationinGuizhouProvinee,andtoprovideabasisforthedevelopmentofrelevantpoliciesandmeasuresforruralsanitationandhealth.Methods:Accordingtothelevelofeconomicdevelopment,560administrativevillagesof28countieswereselected,andhouseholdsurveywasconductedbyadoptingauntiedsurveyform.Results:Therateofthetoilets,sanitarytoilets,non-sanitarytoiletsandnotoiletsin560administrativevillageswere41.07%,41.36%,57.05%and1.59---本文来源于网络，仅供参考，勿照抄，如有侵权请联系删除---%,respectively.Thecleaneranddirtyrateoffarmershouseholdtoiletwas55.28%and44.72%;thestooloffarmershouseholdtoiletdirectlyoffertilizationaccountedfor4.01%,dischargedintothesewerandriversaccountedfor24.32%and6.46%,withsoilburiedafterfertilizingaccountedfor4.10%,hightemperaturecompostingtreatmentaccountedfor3.85%.Thegarbagepiledup,randomstackiunifiedcollect!on,incinerationtreatmentandIandfilldisposalrespectivelyaccountedfor50.00%,36.79%,13.21%,42.32%and34.11%.Indiscriminatedischargeofdomesticsewageaccountedfor64.64%,directlydischargedintofarmlandandriversaccountedfor40.71%and30.71%.Conclusion:Mostfarmershouseholdtoiletwithoutsoundprocessing,themajorityofdomesticwasteusingincinerationorburyingmethodforprocessing,anddomesticsewagedirectlydischargedintofarmlandorriverinGuizhouProvinee.Thesemethodscaneasilycauseairpollutionandsoilenvironment,thereisacertainriskofenvironmentalpollution,andeasilyleadtorelateddiseases.Therefore,weshouldbeahighprioritytoenvironmentaisanitation.【Keywords]:Environmentaisanitation；Toilet；Domesticwaste；Domesticsewage环境卫生与人群健康密切相关，随着社会经济的发展，我省农村环境卫生也发生着较大变化，人民群众越来越关注环境卫生与健康的相关问题。为了解我省农村现阶段环境卫生的状况，为制定我省农村环境卫生与健康的相关政策和措施提供科学依据，我们于2013年开展了农村环境卫生调查。1.材料与方法1.1调查范围按照经济水平、地理环境和人口因素，在我省9个市（州）选择28个县（市、区）进行调查。1.2调查对象每个调查县按照东南西北中5个方位各随机抽取1个乡镇，每个乡镇按照经济状况好、较好、一般、差进行分层，每层各随机抽取1个行政村、每村随机抽取5户进行调查。---本文来源于网络，仅供参考，勿照抄，如有侵权...