西北植物学报,2009,29(7:1335-1341ActaBot.Boreal.Occident.Sin.:10004025(200907133507*野菊与菊花杂交中花粉活力和柱头可授性及胚胎发育研究孙春青,陈发棣,房伟民,刘兆磊,侯喜林,滕年军*(南京农业大学园艺学院,南京210095摘要:应用石蜡制片、活体压片、光学显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察等方法,研究了四倍体河南云台山野菊(Dendranthemaindicum与栽培菊花钟山金山(D.grandiflorumZhongshanjinshan种间杂交中父本花粉活力、花粉在柱头萌发、花粉管生长及胚胎发育情况等。结果发现,父本云台山野菊的花粉活力在授粉时为12%左右。人工授粉后的不同时间,在柱头上都观察到正常萌发的花粉粒,且花粉管都能进入柱头,其中,在授粉后0.5h时,平均每柱头有5.9粒花粉萌发;12h时,为59.9粒;而24和48h时,则分别降为47.1和35.7粒。此外,在授粉后8、10、12和15d时,分别在49.1%、40.8%、39.7%和38.5%子房内观察到正常发育的胚胎,最终杂交结实率为44.8%,而母本自然开放结实率为52.3%。研究表明,授粉前其多数母本雌蕊发育良好、授粉后多数花粉能在柱头正常萌发和花粉管正常生长,在受精后大部分胚胎发育正常是野菊与栽培菊种间杂交较高结实率的重要保证,而授粉前父本较低的花粉活力对杂交结实率影响不大。关键词:菊花;人工杂交;结实率;花粉活力;柱头可授性;胚胎发生:Q944.4文献标识码:APollenViability,PistilReceptivityandEmbryogenesisintheCrossbetweenDendranthemaindicumandD.grandiflorumSUNChunqing,CHENFadi,FANGWeimin,LIUZhaolei,HOUXilin,TENGNianjun*(CollegeofHorticulture,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing210095,ChinaAbstract:Pollenviabilityofmaleparent,pollengerminationandpollentubegrowthonthestigmas,andembryogenesiswereinvestigatedinthecrossbetweenDendranthemaindicumandD.grandiflorumusingtechniqueofparaffinsection,temporarymountmethod,lightmicroscopy,andscanningelectronmicroscopyaswell.Itwasfoundthatpollenviabilitywasapproximately12%justbeforepollination,andmanypollengrainsgerminatedandpollentubespenetratedstigmasnormallyduringdifferenttimeafterpollination.Therewasanaverageof5.9germinatedpollengrainsoneachstigmaat0.5hafterpollinationandthenumberreachedthehighestvalue,59.9at12hafterpollination.Thenthenumberwasdecreasedto47.1and35.7at24and48hafterpollination,respectively.Inaddition,normalembryoswereobservedin49.1%,40.8%,39.7%and38.5%ovariesat8,10,12and15dafterpollination,respectively.Furthermore,seedsetinthecrosswas44.8%andthenumberofthefemaleparentunderopenpollinationconditionswas52.3%.Takentogether,theseresultssuggestthatahighpercentageofnormalpistilsinthefemaleparentbeforepollination,normalgerminationofmanypollengrainsandnormalgrowthofmostpollen*收稿日期:20081230;修改稿收到日期:20090625基金项目:中国博士后科学基金资助项目(20060400945;江苏省博士后科研资助计划项目(0602043B;教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET060489作者简介:孙春青(1983-,男(汉族,在读硕士研究生,主要从事观赏植物遗传育种。Email:scqsunchunqing@126*,,,ntubesafterpollination,andnormaldevelopmentofmostembryosafterfertilizationcollectivelyresultedinarelativelyhighseedsetintheinterspecificcross,whereastherelativelylowpollenviabilityofmaleparenthadnonegativeimpactsonseedset.Keywords:Dendranthemagrandiflorum;artificialcrossing;seedset;pollenviability;pistilreceptivity;embryogenesis菊花(Dendranthemagrandiflorum起源于中国,在中国已有2000多年的栽培历史,不仅是中国十大传统名花之一,而且也是世界四大切花和十大盆花之一,已成为世界花卉产业中最重要的花卉植物之一[1,2]。其栽培品种繁多、花色花型丰富,但在抗病虫、抗热、抗寒等抗性性状和株型等观赏性状等方面还存在一定的不足,致使严重降低了其产量、品质和生产效益,同时也限制了其推广应用地域范围[37]。菊花近缘种属野生...