中国农业科学2010,43(12:2435-2442ScientiaAgriculturaSinicadoi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.12.006收稿日期:2009-11-05;接受日期:2010-03-25基金项目:国家粮食科技丰产工程项目(2006BAD02A07-3作者简介:李春奇,副教授,博士研究生。Tel/Fax:0371-63555790;E-mail:licq66@126.com。通信作者李潮海,教授,博士。Tel:0371-63558116;E-mail:lichaohai2005@yahoo.com.cn种植密度对夏玉米雌穗发育和产量的影响李春奇1,2,郑慧敏2,李芸2,李潮海1(1河南农业大学农学院/农业部玉米区域技术创新中心,郑州450002;2河南农业大学生命科学学院,郑州450002摘要:【目的】提高玉米产量,研究不同种植密度对玉米雌穗发育和产量的影响。【方法】田间统计雌穗的花粒数量和吐丝进度;常规石蜡制片观察雌穗的发育和结构。【结果】随着密度的增大,雌穗小花的分化相应推迟;在吐丝初期和吐丝中期,吐丝数量随密度的增加而减少,吐丝后期差异不显著;小花总数、吐丝小花数、受精小花数和饱满粒数随密度的增加而减少,未受精小花数和总退化率随密度的增加而增大;雌穗穗轴维管束数目、维管束总横截面积和韧皮部总横截面积随密度的增加而减少;种植密度在75000株/hm2时产量最高。相关性分析显示,雌穗穗轴维管束数目、维管束总横截面积和韧皮部总横截面积与种植密度呈显著的负相关,与单穗籽干重、千粒重、穗粒数和产量呈显著的正相关。【结论】种植密度对雌穗小花分化、吐丝进程、花粒数量、穗轴结构和产量影响显著。种植密度在75000株/hm2时产量最高。关键词:种植密度;玉米雌穗;发育;产量EffectofPlantingDensityontheYieldandDevelopmentofMaizeEarLIChun-qi1,2,ZHENGHui-min2,LIYun2,LIChao-hai1(1RegionalCenterforNewTechnologyCreationofCornoftheMinistryofAgriculture/CollegeofAgronomy,HenanAgriculturalUniversity,Zhengzhou450002;2CollegeofLifeScience,HenanAgriculturalUniversity,Zhengzhou450002Abstract:【Objective】Inordertoincreasetheyieldofmaize,theeffectsofplantingdensityontheyieldanddevelopmentofmazieearwerestudied.【Method】Statisticsoffloretquantityandsilkingprogressweremadeinfieldexperiment,andnormalparaffinsectionswereusedtoobservethedevelopmentandstructureofmaizeear.【Result】Thedifferentiationoffloretsofmaizeearwaspostponedwiththeincreaseoftheplantingdensity.Thesilkingnumberdecreasedatprimaryandmiddlesilkingstage,butwasnotsignificantatlatestagewiththeincreaseoftheplantingdensity.Thenumberoftotalflorets,silkingflorets,fertilizationfloretsandplumpnessdecreased,butthenumberofnonfertilizationfloretsandthedegenerativerateincreasedwiththeincreaseoftheplantingdensity.Thetotalnumberandareaofvascularbundlesandphloemareaofmaizeear-axisdecreasedwiththeincreaseoftheplantingdensity.Theyieldwasthehighestattheplantingdensityof75000plants/hm2.Thedataanalysisindicatedthatthetotalnumberandareaofvascularbundlesandthephloemareaofmaizeear-axishadaremarkablynegativecorrelationwiththeplantingdensity,buthadapositivecorrelationwiththekernelweightandnumberofsingleear,1000-kernelweightandyield.【Conclusion】Theplantingdensityhadsignificanteffectsonthefloretsdifferentiation,silkingprogress,numberoffloretsandkernels,maizeear-axisstructureandyield.Theyieldwasthehighestattheplantingdensityof75000plants/hm2.Keywords:plantingdensity;maizeear;development;yield0引言【研究意义】玉米是中国第一大粮食作物,年总产量已达1.5亿t。根据中国粮食发展战略规划,至2015年玉米总产量将上升至1.79亿t[1]。为了缓解中国耕地面积减少与玉米需求量增加的矛盾,必须采取2436中国农业科学43卷措施来提高玉米的单位面积产量,而增加种植密度是实现玉米高产的必经之路[2-3]。在玉米产量形成的过程中,根和叶属于源的范畴,茎主要起运输营养物质的功能[4-5]。玉米雌穗的穗轴起连接源与库的桥梁作用,穗轴结构与功能对...