近期中国鸡蛋市场形势及展望张超于海鹏许振宝李于琼务技术重点实验室摘要:在“117N9”流感疫情和季节性消费淡季的双重影响下,2016年9月至2017年5月蛋价8个月持续下跌,零售价从9.76元/kg跌至6.95元/kg,累计下跌28.8%,创近10年新低;蛋鸡养殖效益也逐渐下降并处于亏损状态,亏损幅度达近5年最大,蛋鸡存栏量逐渐下降。6月开始,在蛋鸡存栏下降叠加高温天气抑制蛋鸡生产性能的影响下,鸡蛋供给减少,蛋价快速上涨,主产省批发价1个月内上涨丫40.5%,创单周30.3%的历史最高增幅。展望未来,随着前期补栏蛋雏鸡以及青年鸡进入产蛋期,蛋鸡存栏将有所增加,加之高温对蛋鸡产能的影响消除,预计鸡蛋市场供给将稳中有增:而随着鸡蛋消费节円效应的消退,4季度鸡蛋消费呈现稳中回落态势,鸡蛋价格将进入震荡下行通道,但整体跌幅有限;蛋鸡养殖将继续保持盈利,盈利区间有所收窄。建议各生产经营主体一是完善养殖风险防控机制,降低蛋鸡行业风险;二是完善禽蛋监测预警机制,引导市场决策;三是提升禽蛋精深加工能力,促进市场供需稳定;四是大力发展品牌鸡蛋,提升鸡蛋品质建设。关键词:鸡蛋;价格;存栏景;蛋料比;养殖效益;监测预警;臟作者简介:张超(1983—),男,甘肃灵台人,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事农业信息分析与农产品市场监测预警领域研究。E-mail:zhangchao02@caas收稿日期:2017-09-18基金:农业部项B“农业信息监测预警”China'sEggMarketinRecentYearsandItsProspectZhangChaoYuHaipengXuZhenbaoLiGanqiongAgriculturalInformationInstitute,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences;KeyLabofAgriculturalInformationServiceTechnology,MinistryofAgriculture;Abstract:Affectingbythe"117N9"fluepidemicandseasonallowconsumption,eggpricehasbeenfallingfrom9.76yuanperkilogramto6.95yuanperkilogram,ahistoricallowrecordinrecenttenyears,fromSep.2016toMay2017,decreasedby28.8percent.Atthesametime,thebreedingbenefitskeptdecreasing,andgraduallycametoastateofloss,evengotanewlowrecordinrecentfiveyears,andthestockoflayerwasalsodecreasing.StartfromJune,theeggsupplydecreasedrapidlyundertheinfluencesoflowstockoflayerandhotweather,thenitmadethepriceroseover40.5percentinsomemainproducingprovinceswithinonemonth,andalsomadearecordwithgrowthrateof30.3percentinoneweek.Lookingforwardtothefuture,asthepre-fillingchickensandyoungchickenscomingintothelayingperiod,thestockoflayinghenswillincrease;astheimpactofhightemperaturedisappearing,eggmarketsupplyisexpectedtoincreasesteadily;astheeggholidayconsumptioneffectsubsiding,theeggconsumptioninthefourthquarterwillshowasteadydeclinetrend,andtheeggpricewillentertheshockdownstreamchannel,buttheoveralldeclineislimited;layinghensfarmingwillcontinuetoremainprofitable,buttheprofitmarginswillbecomemoreandmorenarroLastbutnotleast,wesuggestedthat:improvingthebreedingriskpreventionandcontrolmechanismanddecreasingtheriskoflayinghensindustry;improvingtheearlywarningandmonitoringmechanismandguidingthemarketdecision-making;enhancingthedeepprocessingcapacityofeggsandpromotingmarketsupplyanddemandmorestability;developingthebrandofeggsvigorouslyandpromotingthequalityofeggs.Keyword:egg;price;stock;priceratioofeggtofeed;breedingbenefit;earlywarningandmonitoring;prospect;Received:2017-09-18我国是名副其实的禽蛋生产大国,自1985年开始禽蛋产量始终居世界首位。经过多年发展,目前中国禽蛋产量约占世界40%,约为美国的4.5倍、印度的7倍多。在规模不断扩大的同时,养殖方式却仍以万只左右的小规模养殖为主,“小规模、大群体”的产业特征依旧突出U1。“小规模、大群体”的生产模式一方面形成了较低的准入和退出门槛,使产业具有较强的市场调节能力,但另一方面也加剧丫市场的波动性。2013年“117N9”导致蛋鸡存栏下滑,供应短...