2022年ADA糖尿病诊治指南StandardsofMedicalCareinDiabetes—2022AMERICANDIABETESASSOCIATIONCONTENTSI.CLASSIFICATIONANDDIAGNOSISOFDIABETES,p.S12A.Classi?cationofdiabetesB.DiagnosisofdiabetesC.Categoriesofincreasedriskfordi-abetes(prediabetes)II.TESTINGFORDIABETESINASYMP-TOMATICPATIENTS,p.S13A.Testingfortype2diabetesandriskoffuturediabetesinadultsB.Testingfortype2diabetesinchil-drenC.Screeningfortype1diabetesIII.DETECTIONANDDIAGNOSISOFGESTATIONALDIABETESMELLI-TUS,p.S15IV.PREVENTION/DELAYOFTYPE2DIABETES,p.S16V.DIABETESCARE,p.S16A.InitialevaluationB.ManagementC.Glycemiccontrol1.Assessmentofglycemiccontrola.Glucosemonitoringb.A1C2.GlycemicgoalsinadultsD.Pharmacologicandoverallap-proachestotreatment1.Therapyfortype1diabetes2.Therapyfortype2diabetesE.Diabetesself-managementeduca-tionF.MedicalnutritiontherapyG.PhysicalactivityH.PsychosocialassessmentandcareI.WhentreatmentgoalsarenotmetJ.HypoglycemiaK.IntercurrentillnessL.BariatricsurgeryM.ImmunizationVI.PREVENTIONANDMANAGEMENTOFDIABETESCOMPLICATIONS,p.S27A.Cardiovasculardisease1.Hypertension/bloodpressurecontrol2.Dyslipidemia/lipidmanagement3.Antiplateletagents4.Smokingcessation5.Coronaryheartdiseasescreen-ingandtreatmentB.Nephropathyscreeningandtreat-mentC.Retinopathyscreeningandtreat-mentD.Neuropathyscreeningandtreat-mentE.FootcareVII.DIABETESCAREINSPECIFICPOP-ULATIONS,p.S38A.Childrenandadolescents1.Type1diabetesGlycemiccontrola.Screeningandmanagementofchroniccomplicationsinchil-drenandadolescentswithtype1diabetesi.Nephropathyii.Hypertensioniii.Dyslipidemiaiv.Retinopathyv.Celiacdiseasevi.Hypothyroidismb.Self-managementc.Schoolanddaycared.Transitionfrompediatrictoadultcare2.Type2diabetes3.MonogenicdiabetessyndromesB.PreconceptioncareC.OlderadultsD.Cystic?brosis–relateddiabetesVIII.DIABETESCAREINSPECIFICSETTINGS,p.S43A.Diabetescareinthehospital1.Glycemictargetsinhospitalizedpatients2.Anti-hyperglycemicagentsinhospitalizedpatients3.Preventinghypoglycemia4.Diabetescareprovidersinthehospital5.Self-managementinthehospital6.Diabetesself-managementedu-cationinthehospital7.Medicalnutritiontherapyinthehospital8.Bedsidebloodglucosemonitor-ing9.DischargeplanningIX.STRATEGIESFORIMPROVINGDI-ABETESCARE,p.S46Diabetesisachronicillnessthatre-quirescontinuingmedicalcareandongoingpatientself-managementeducationandsupporttopreventacutecomplicationsandtoreducetheriskoflong-termcomplications.Diabetescareiscomplexandrequiresthatmanyissues,beyondglycemiccontrol,beaddressed.Alargebodyofevidenceexiststhatsup-portsarangeofinterventionstoimprovediabetesoutcomes.Thesestandardsofcareareintendedtoprovideclinicians,patients,research-ers,payors,andotherinterestedindivid-ualswiththecomponentsofdiabetescare,generaltreatmentgoals,andtoolstoevaluatethequalityofcare.Whileindi-vidualpreferences,comorbidities,andotherpatientfactorsmayrequiremodi?-cationofgoals,targetsthataredesirableformostpatientswithdiabetesarepro-vided.Thesestandardsarenotintendedtoprecludeclinicaljudgmentormoreex-tensiveevaluationandmanagementofthepatientbyotherspecialistsasneeded.Formoredetailedinformationaboutmanagementofdiabetes,refertorefer-ences1–3.Therecommendationsincludedarescreening,diagnostic,andtherapeuticac-tionsthatareknownorbelievedtofavor-ablyaffecthealthoutcomesofpatientswithdiabetes.Agradingsystem(Table1),developedbytheAmericanDiabetesAs-sociation(ADA)andmodeledafterexist-ingmeth...