油藏动态监测技术_时延_四维_地震述评_崔永谦基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G11018040808)第一作者简介:崔永谦,男,36岁,高级工程师(在职研究生),油气地球物理勘探收稿日期:2003-09-18:0253-10185(2004)01-0081-07油藏动态监测技术:时延(四维)地震述评崔永谦1,刘池洋1,张以明1,2(1.西北大学大陆动力学教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710169;2.中国石油华北油田分公司勘探公司,河北任丘062552)摘要:近年来,时延地震(又称四维地震)油藏动态监测技术发展迅速,已成为一种新的油藏管理工具,在许多油田,尤其是海上大油田已进行了多方面的应用,取得了良好效益。岩石物理研究的深化和相关技术的发展,促使时延地震的应用领域不断扩大、精度日益提高。目前,时延地震除监测采油变化和驱油效果及流体前缘、寻找死油区外,还用来监测断层封堵或渗漏性。其资料采集的关键是提高可重复性和信噪比。为了确保最终的地震差异是由储层中流体的变化所引起,资料处理中进一步发展和应用了互均化、归一化和面元重组等技术和新老数据同步处理原则。资料解释在直接解释、反演与属性分析基础上,发展了地震史匹配和动态油藏描述,并与其他学科和技术有机结合、综合分析,以减少解释的多解性。在降低项目投资风险与可行性分析方面,也有明显进展。在开展时延地震项目时,应充分考虑该技术的应用条件和局限性。随着研究的深入、技术的进步和应用实践的增多,时延地震将会显示出更加美好的应用前景。关键词:时延(四维)地震;油藏监测;可重复性;岩石物理;流体移动;互均化处理;差异图像:P631.445.92文献标识码:AReservoirdynamicmonitoring:acommentaryontime-lapse(or4-D)seismicsCuiYongqian1LiuChiyang1ZhangYiming2(1.NorthwestUniversity,Xican,Shaanxi;2.HuabeiOilfieldCompanyofPetroChina,Renqiu,Hebei)Abstract:Time-lapseseismic(4Dseismic)technology,areservoirdynamicmonitoringtechnologyrapidlydevelopedinrecentyears,hasbecomeanewtoolforreservoirmanagement,andhaswidelybeenappliedinmanyoilfields,espe-ciallyoffshoreoilfields.Theapplicationofthistechnologyiscontinuouslyenlargingandtheaccuracyiscontinuouslyincreasingwiththedeepeningofstudyonpetrophysicalpropertiesandthedevelopmentofrelevanttechnologies.Cur-rently,time-lapseseismictechnologyisusedtomonitorchangesofoilrecovery,oildisplacementefficiencyandfluidfront,toidentifyareaswithbypassedoil,aswellastomonitorsealingcapacityorleakageoffaults.Thekeytoseis-micacquisitionistoimproverepeatabilityandsigna-lto-noiseratio.Newtechnologies,suchascrossequalization,nor-malizationandbinparameterrecombinationandtheprincipleofsynchronousprocessingofnewandolddata,areap-pliedsoastoensurethatthefinalseismicdifferencesaretheonlyresultsoffluidflowchangesinreservoirs.Basedondirectinterpretation,reversionandpropertyanalysis,seismichistorymatchanddynamicreservoirdescriptionarede-velopedasseismicinterpretationtechnologiesandareusedincombinationwithothersubjectsandtechnologiestore-ducenon-uniquenessofinterpretation.Remarkableprogresseshavealsobeenmadeinrespectofloweringinvestmentriskofprojectsandfeasibilitystudy.Theapplicationconditionsandlimitationsofthetechnologyshouldbeconsideredwhencarryingouttime-lapseseismicprojects.Withthedeepeningofresearchontime-lapseseismictechniquesandenrichingofexperiences,time-lapseseismicreservoirmonitoringwillprogressmorerapidlyandwillmorewidelybeapplied.Keywords:time-lapse(4D)seismics;reservoirmonitoring;repeatability;petrophysicalproperties;fluidflow;crossequalization;differen-tialimages第25卷第1期石油与天然气地质OILGASGEOLOGY2004年2月基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G11018040808)第一作者简介:崔永谦,男,36岁,高级工程师(在职研究生),油气地球物理勘探收稿日期:2003-09-18:0253-1018...