Citiesanddata:Bythenumbers城市决策，数字说了算THANKStoBrettGoldstein,Chicago^chiefinformationofficer,itiseasytodiscoveragreatdealabouthiscity.Inthepastthreemonths5,973vehiclesweremoved;sincethestartof2011，72,687complaintsaboutfaultylightsinalleywayshavebeenreported;andinthefirsthalfof2012thetourist-informationwebsitewasapparentlyunavailablefor5,870minutes.(Thecitysaysthiswascausedbyafaultinthemonitoringsoftware.)多谢芝加哥的信息主管BrettGoldstein,从这儿能了解许多这座城市的事情。在过去的三个月里，5973台车辆迁移；2()11年初以来，共收到72687次道路信号灯故障报告；2012年上半年中，旅游信息网站共有5870分钟明显无法访问。(芝加哥方面说这是由监控软件的故障引起的)Needlesstosay,MrGoldsteinwillwanttogetthisfixedifheistoretainhisannualsalaryof$154,992・Yetthenuggetofdataisatinydetailinavastlylargerenterprise:tomakeChicago^dataopenlyaccessibleandusefultothemillionsofpeoplewholiveandworkthere.不用说，Goldstein先生当然想解决这个问题，假如他想保住他154992美元的年薪的话。然而小块的数据是一个更庞大深远的计划的冰山一角：耍让芝加哥的能公开获得，以有益于数以百万计在那儿生活、工作的人。Manycitiesaroundthecountryfindthemselvesinasimilarposition:theyareaccumulatingdatafasterthantheyknowwhattodowith.Oneapproachistogivethemtothepublic.Forexample,SanFrancisco,NewYork,Philadelphia,BostonandChicagoareorsoonwillbesharingthegradesthathealthinspectorsgivetorestaurantswithanonlinerestaurantdirectory・全国许多城市发现他们处在一个相似的境况：数据的堆积比他们想出解决办法来得更快。有一条路，就是把这些数据公之于众。比如，旧金山、纽约、费城、波士顿和芝加哥止在亦或很快就会通过一个在线餐馆名录來共享食品安全检察官给饭丿占的评估等级。Anotherwayofdoingitissimplytopublishtherawdataandhopethatotherswillfigureouthowtousethem.ThishasbeenparticularlysuccessfulinChicago,wherecomputernerdshaveusedopendatatocreatemanyentirelynewservices・Applicationsarenowavailablethatshowwhichstreetshavebeenclearedafterasnowfall,whattimeabusortrainwillarriveandhowrequeststofixpotholesareprogressing・---本文来源于网络，仅供参考，勿照抄，如有侵权请联系删除---另一种方法是，仅公布原始数据，期待其余的人来想怎么使用它们。这在芝加哥已经成功了，“程序猿”们使用公开的数据开发岀了许多全新的软件服务。现在已经有软件能展示哪条路在下雪后被淸扫过、公交车或火车何时到达，以及修理嘗井的请求处理得怎样了。NewYorkandChicagoarebringingtogetherdatafromdepartmentsacrosstheirrespectivecitiesinordertoimprovedecision-making.Whenacityholdsaparadeitcancombinedataonstreetclosures,busroutes,weatherpatterns,rubbishtrucksandemergencycallsinrealtime.纽约和芝加哥把各自城市的各部门数据整合起来以改进。当一个城市举行游行的时候，有关道路封闭、公交线路、天气状况、垃圾车和紧急呼叫的数据能够实时整合起來。Ascitiesalsostarttolookbackathistoricaldata,fascinatingdiscoveriesarebeingmade.MikeFlowers,thechiefanalyticsofficerinNewYork,saysthatifapropertyhasataxlienonitthereisaninefoldincreaseinthechanceofacatastrophicfirethere.Andbusinessesthathavebrokenlicensingrulesarefarmorelikelytobesellingcigarettessmuggledintothecityinordertoavoidpayinglocaltaxes.OverinChicago,thecityknowswithmathematicalprecisionthatwhenitgetscallscomplainingaboutrubbishbinsincertainareas,aratproblemwillfollowaweeklater.随着各城由开始回顾历史数据，一些有趣的发现也随之产生。纽约的首席数据分析官MikeFlowers说，如果某一财产是含税的，那么那里发生灾难性火灾的儿率增加九倍。那些违反规章许可的生意十...