一语气的定义和种类(一)语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。(二)语气的种类1、陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如:①Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.每个问题都有两个方面。②Wereyoubusyalldayyesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗?③Howgoodateachersheis!她是多好的一位老师啊!2、祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如:①Neverbelateagain!再也不要迟到了。②Don’tforgettoturnoffthelight.别忘了关灯。3、虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如:①IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。②IwishIcouldpasstheexamination.我希望我能通过考试。③Mayyousucceed!祝您成功!。二虚拟语气的主要内容(一)、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气用于if引导的非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词有三种形式:条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might+动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(wereto)+动词原形Would/should/cold/might+动词原形(1)表示与过去的事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”。如:①Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinthecompetition.②Ifwehadstartedearlier,weshouldnothavemissedthetrain.③Ifshehadn’tbeenill,shemighthavecome.(2)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。如:①IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.②Ifhehadtime,hewouldcometohelpyou.③Ifshehadmoney,shemightlendyousome.(3)表示与将来事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(wereto)+动词原形,而主句中的谓语动词则用would/should/couldmight+动词原形。如;①Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.注意:(1)有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省略,而将“were、had、should等动词提到主语前面。如:①Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wecouldhaveasnowballfight.②Hadhetakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.③Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoto<<Britain>>.(2)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如:1Iftheyhadworkedhard,theywouldbeverytired.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(从句表示现在时间,主句表示过去时间)(3)从句中的be动词用were与过去事实相反:公式:If从句:haddone主句:would(should,might,could)+havedone1.IfI____hertelephonenumber,I______her.A.had,wouldhavecalledB.hadhad,wouldhavecalled2.Ifyou___himyesterday,he____somesuggestions.A.hadtold,wouldhavegivenB.tell,hadgivenC.told,wouldhavegiven3.Thesoldiers____________(fight)better,ifthey______________(give)clearorders.4.Ifhehadnotlostthemoney,he____________(buy)thepianolastweek.与现在事实相反:结构:(if)从句:过去时(did)或(were)主句:would(could,might,should)+do1.IfI____abird,I____veryhappy.A.were,wouldbeB.were,shallbeC.am,wouldbe2.Ifmyfather____herenow,he______tellmewhattodoA.were,willB.were,wouldC.is,would3.IfI____acar,I____beveryhappy.A.have,shallB.had,shouldC.Hadhad,shall与将来事实相反:公式:从句:did/weretodo/shoulddo主句:would(should,might,could)+do1.Itisquiteimpossiblethatitwillraintomorrow.Butifit_____,Iwouldstillgotothecinema.A.shouldrainB.wouldrainC.hadrained.2.Ifhe________________(fail),hewouldnevertouchthebook.3.IfI________(enter)thecollegenext...