2011—2012学年度第一学期实践教学作者简介：叶芝---WilliamButlerYeatsWilliamButlerYeatswasborninDublinintoanIrishProtestantfamily.Hisfather,JohnButlerYeats,aclergyman'sson,wasalawyerturnedtoanIrishPre-Raphaelitepainter.Yeats'smother,SusanPollexfen,camefromawealthyfamily-thePollexfenshadaprosperousmillingandshippingbusiness.HisearlyyearsYeatsspentinLondonandSligo,abeautifulcountyonthewestcoastofIreland,wherehismotherhadgrownandwhichhelaterdepictedinhispoems.In1881thefamilyreturnedtoDublin.WhilestudyingattheMetropolitanSchoolofArt,Yeatsmettherethepoet,dramatist,andpainterGeorgeRussell(1867-1935),whowasinterestedinmysticism.HissearchinspiredalsoYeats,whoatthattimeassociatedProtestantismwithmaterialism,andlikeBlake,herejectedtheNewtonianmechanisticworldvieThisturnwasasurprisetohisfather,whohadtriedtoraisehissonwithoutencouraginghimtoponderwithsuchquestions,buthadgivenhimBlake'spoetrytoread.Reincarnation,communicationwiththedead,mediums,supernaturalsystemsandOrientalmysticismfascinatedYeatsthroughhislife.In1886heformedtheDublinLodgeoftheHermet---本文来源于网络，仅供参考，勿照抄，如有侵权请联系删除---icSocietyandtookthemagicalnameDaemonestDeusInversus.TheoccultorderalsoattractedAleisterCrowley.TheRhymers'Club,whichYeatsfoundedwithErnestRhys,herecalleditmeetingeachnight"inanupperroomwithasandedfloorinanancienteating-houseintheStrandcalledtheCheshireCheese".(：原创与摘引wwkirjasto.sci.fi/wbyeats.htm)一SailingtoByzantiumThatisnocountryforoldmen.TheyoungInoneanother'sarms,birdsinthetrees---Thosedyinggenerations---attheirsong,Thesalmon-falls,themackerel-crowdedseas,Fish,flesh,orfowl,commendallsummerlongWhateverisbegotten,born,anddies.CaughtinthatsensualmusicallneglectMonumentsofunageingintellect.IIAnagedmanisbutapaltrything,Atatteredcoatuponastick,unlessSoulclapitshandsandsing,andloudersingForeverytatterinitsmortaldress,NoristheresingingschoolbutstudyingMonumentsofitsownmagnificence;AndthereforeIhavesailedtheseasandcomeTotheholycityofByzantium.IIIOsagesstandinginGod'sholyfireAsinthegoldmosaicofawall，Comefromtheholyfire,perneinagyre,Andbethesinging-mastersofmysoul.Consumemyheartaway;sickwithdesireAndfastenedtoadyinganimalItknowsnotwhatitis;andgathermeIntotheartificeofeternity.IVOnceoutofnatureIshallnevertakeMybodilyformfromanynaturalthing,ButsuchaformasGreciangoldsmithsmakeOfhammeredgoldandgoldenamellingTokeepad---本文来源于网络，仅供参考，勿照抄，如有侵权请联系删除---rowsyEmperorawake;OrsetuponagoldenboughtosingTolordsandladiesofByzantiumOfwhatispast,orpassing,ortocome.译文：驶向拜占庭那不是老年人的国度。青年人在互相拥抱；那垂死的世代，树上的鸟，正从事他们的歌唱；鱼的瀑布，青花鱼充塞的大海，鱼、兽或鸟，一整个夏天在赞扬凡是诞生和死亡的一切存在。沉溺于那感官的音乐，个个都疏忽万古长青的理性的纪念物。一个衰颓的老人只是个废物，是件破外衣支在一根木棍上，除非灵魂拍手作歌，为了它的皮囊的每个裂绽唱得更响亮；可是没有教唱的学校，而只有研究纪念物上记载的它的辉煌，因此我就远渡重洋而来到拜占庭的神圣的城堡。哦，智者们！立于上帝的神火中，好像是壁画上嵌金的雕饰，从神火中走出来吧，旋转当空，请为我的灵魂作歌唱的教师。把我的心烧尽，它被绑在一个垂死的肉身上，为欲望所腐蚀，已不知它原来是什么了；请尽快把我采集进永恒的艺术安排。一旦脱离自然界，我就不再从任何自然物体取得我的形状，而只要希腊的金匠用金釉和锤打的金子所制作的式样，供给瞌睡的皇帝保持清醒；或者就镶在金树枝上歌...