中国新能源行业的法律现状与发展前景(1)发布日期：2011-04-08YangYangAttorneyatLaw,GrandfieldLawOfficeIDRIVINGFACTORSDrivingfactorsfordevelopingrenewableenergyinChinaincludesgovernmentmandates,dwindlingfossilfuelreserves,theneedtoincreaseenergysecurity,climatechange,andthedesiretocreateneweconomicopportunitiesandmarketsarethedrivingfactorsforincreasingrenewableenergyproduction.GovernmentMandates.TheChinesegovernmenthasrecentlyestablishedlawsthatsetambitioustargetsfordevelopingrenewableenergyresources.GovernmenttargetsarethemostimportantfactorsdrivingthedevelopmentofanysectorinChinagiventheintricaterolestateplanninghasinthedevelopmentofChina'seconomicmarkets.TheChinesegovernmentfirstestablishedtargetsfordevelopingrenewableenergyresourcesthroughtheRenewableEnergyLaw,whichthegovernmentpassedinFebruary2005.Pursuanttothislaw,thegovernmentissuedanumberofpertinentnewrulesandcriteria.TheseincludeissuingtheMid-toLong-termDevelopmentPlanforRenewableEnergyin2007,aswellasthe11thFive-YearPlan.Thesebothhavetheobjectiveofincreasingrenewableenergy’sshareoftotalprimaryenergy.Underthe11thFive-YearPlan,renewableenergy’sshareoftotalprimaryenergyistoincreasefrom7.5percentin2005,to10percentin2010,andthento15percentin2020.Currently,theChinesegovernmentisupdatingtherenewableenergytargetsinits12thupdatetotheFive-YearPlanandisexpectedtofurtherincreasethetargetforrenewableenergy’sshareoftotalprimaryenergy.TheseambitioustargetsaddressChina’schallengetosatisfythecountry’srapidlyincreasingdemandforenergy.Overthepasttwodecades,Chinahassustainedrapidandcontinuouseconomicdevelopment,andthishighrateofgrowthisexpectedtocontinueduringthenextfiveyears.Duetothisrapideconomicgrowth,Chinacurrentlyfacesapotentialshortfallintraditionalenergyresources.Chinaishighlydependentoncoal,which---本文于网络，仅供参考，勿照抄，如有侵权请联系删除---providesalmost70percentofChina’sprimaryenergy.WhileChinaisrelativelyrichinfossilfuelreserves,itsreservesoftraditionalfossilenergyresourcesarelowerthantheaveragelevelacrosstheworldonapercapitabasis.ThismeansthatevenifChinamanagestosticktoitsminimumtargets,thegovernmentwillnotbeabletorelyindefinitelyontraditionalfossilfuelresourcestofulfillitsnationalenergyneeds.Thescale-upofrenewableenergywillrequireagradualtransitionfromanenergysupplyinfrastructurethatisheavilyfossil-basedtoasystemthatismuchmorefocusedonrenewableenergy.RenewableenergyresourcesareabundantinChina:Two-thirdsofChina’sterritoryenjoysrichsolarenergy,withtotalsolarradiationperunitareaofover5GJpersquaremeterwhichisaround1.7trilliontonsofcoalequivalent(TCE)solarenergyabsorbedbytheearth’ssurface.Thenationalpotentialforwindpoweris3,200GW,withanimmediatelyexploitablewindpotentialofatleast1,000GBasedontheexperienceofadvancedwind-poweruserssuchasGermany,Spain,andDenmark,China’slong-termwindpowercapacitymayevensurpass3,000GTheestimatedtechnicallyexploitablecapacityofoceanenergyis400-500GFuturereservesofgeothermalenergyareestimatedat135.3billionTCE,andprovenreservesarealreadyat3.16billionTCE.Existingbiomassresourcesincludingstraw,forestresidues,organicMSW,andindustrialorganicwastescanprovide700milliontceworthofenergy,andthisnumbercouldbedoubledbyimprovingbreedingandextendingenergycrops.Airandwaterpollution.Havingexploitedfossilfuelresources,especiallycoal,inanintensivemanner,China’seconomicgrowthha...