立体栽培模式对老鸦瓣光合特性和生长的影响［摘要］为研究立体栽培对老鸦瓣生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响，探索老鸦瓣立体栽培的可行性，于老鸦瓣生长旺期采用LI-3100型叶面积仪测量立体栽培上、中、下3层与对照植株总叶面积并用LI-6400XT型光合仪测定叶片光合参数，测定各器官牛物量及其牛物量分配；并于釆收期收获地下子鳞茎后进行子鳞茎更新方式及产量分析。结果表明，立体栽培中层光照强度最低，老鸦瓣叶生物量所占比例最高，而子鳞茎总鲜重与子鳞茎总干重及产量增幅（鲜重）均为各处理中最低，且显著低于对照,其中子鳞茎鲜重比对照降低22.84%。立体栽培下层光强适中，老鸦瓣净光合速率及水分利用率高，鳞茎所占生物量比例最高，且下层了鳞茎总鲜重、子鳞茎总干重及产量增幅（鲜重）与对照相比无显著性差异。综合老鸦瓣生物量、光合特性及产量指标，总体上立体栽培条件下老鸦瓣生长状况与非立体栽培条件下无显著差异。相同土地面积的立体栽培产量比对照提高7161.66%（鲜重）、141.35%（干重）。通过大棚立体栽培可提高空间利用率，有效提高老鸦瓣产量，同时实现老鸦瓣高密度种植。［关键词］老鸦瓣；立体栽培；生长；光合参数；产量［Abstract］Theeffectofstereoscopiccultivationonthegrowth,photosyntheticcharacteristicsandyieldofTulipaeduliswasstudiedtoexplorethefeasibilityofstereoscopiccultivationonefficientcultivationofT.edulis.TotalleafareaandphotosyntheticparametersofT.edulisunderstereoscopiccultivation(theupper,middleandthelowerlayers)andthecontrolweremeasuredusingLI-3100leafareameterandLI-6400XTphotosynthesissysteminthegrowingpeakperiodofT.edulis.Plantbiomassandbiomassallocationwerealsodetermined・Inaddition,thebulbregenerationandyieldofT.edulisworemeasuredintheharvestingtime.TheresuItsindicatedthatinthemiddlelayerofstereoscopiccultivation,leafbiomassproportionwasthehighest,buttotalbulbfreshanddryweightandoutputgrowth(freshweight)werethelowestamongthetreatments.Andtotalbulbfreshweightinthemiddleofstereoscopiccultivationreducedsignificantly,by22.84%,comparedwiththecontrol-Lightintensityinthelowerlayerofstereoscopiccultivationwasmoderate,inwhichT・edulisnetphotosyntheticrateandwateruseefficiencywerehigherthanthoseoftheotherlayersofstereoscopiccultivation,andbulbbiomassproportionwasthehighestinallthetreatments.Nosignificantdiffereneewasdetectedinthetotalbulbfreshweight,dryweightandoutputgrowth(freshweight)betweenthemiddlelayerofstereoscopiccultivationandthecontrol.Ingeneral,therewasnosignificantdiffereneeinthegrowthstatusofT.edulisbetweenstereoscopiccultivationandthecontrol.StereoscopiccultivationincreasedtheyieldofT.edulisby161.66%infreshweightand141.35%indryweightcomparedwiththecontrolintheconditionofthesamelandarea,respectively.Inconclusion,stereoscopiccultivationcanimprovespaceutilization,increasetheproduction,andachievethehighdensitycultivationofT.edulis・［Keywords］Tulipaedulis；stereoscopiccultivation；growth；photosyntheticparameters；yielddoi：10.4268/cjcmm20161110老鸦瓣Tulipaedulis(Miq.)Baker为百合科郁金香属多年生草本药用植物［1］。中药材光慈姑为其去膜质皮和绒毛后的干燥鳞茎。光慈姑味甘、性寒，有小毒，有消肿、散结、化痰功效，多用于治疗痢疾、小儿痰厥，痛风、咽喉肿痛、蛇虫狂犬伤等［2］,药理作用表明光慈姑具有抗肿瘤、抗痛风的作用［3］,目前也是治疗多种肿瘤的常用药，如咽喉癌、淋巴瘤、乳腺癌等［4-5］o光慈姑是“乳核散结片”和“太乙紫金锭”的主要组分之一。近年来随着光慈姑药用价值的开发，对老鸦瓣需求量不断增加，而冃前老鸦瓣主要来源于野牛。其生长缓慢，繁殖系数低，导致其供需矛盾日益突出。因此，实现老鸦瓣规范化栽培成为亟待解决的问题［6］。前期研究表明，...