2020年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编专题01词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词）、短语辨析一、2021年高考真题1.（2021年全国甲卷语法填空）After44.__________(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat45.__________(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!WehiredourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshaky47._________didthejob.Ittookusabout3hourstogoall48.________wayaroundtheXi'anCityWall.Supposedly,youcandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand49._____________(watchtower)totakepicturesor,justtowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir50.___________(day)routines.【答案】44.spending45.better47.but48,the49.watchtowers50.daily【解析】44.考查非谓语动词。After介词后加doing形式，故填spending。45.考查形容词的词性转换。根据句中“than”可知，应该填写形容词的比较级的形式，故填better。47.考查连词。此处表示我的自行车又旧又晃，后面能用。所以是转折的关系，故填but。48,考查冠词。alltheway为固定搭配，意为“自始自终，一路上”。故填the。49.考查名词。根据句子结构，and前后一致，and前是thedifferentgates，名词的复数形式，所以空格也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtowers。50.考查形容词。此处表示“观察当地人的日常生活”，修饰routines,故用形容词，故填daily。2.（2021年全国甲卷短文改错）……Manystudentssaytheywilltalktotheirfriendorclassmatesbecausethey’reofthesameageandcanunderstandeachother.Somewilltumouttotheirparentsorteachersforhelp.Onlyalittlechoosetodealwiththeproblemsonourown……【答案】3.friend→friends4.去掉out5.little→few6.our→their【解析】4.考查固定搭配。turntosb.Forhelp表示想某人寻求帮助，故turn后面去掉out。5.考查代词。alittle代指不可数名词，afew代指可数名词。在这里指少部分的学生，可数名词，故把little改为few。6.考查代词。Onone’sown表示靠自己。这里省略主语students,主语相当于Onlyalittlestudents，其后应该是their。故our改为their。3.（2021年全国乙卷语法填空）Ecotourismiscommonlyregardedaslowimpact(影响)traveltoundisturbedplaces.Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecomeeducatedabouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe62(develop)ofthelocalareas.Ecotourismhas63(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept64thelate1980s.Duringthattime,increasingenvironmentalawarenessmadeitdesirable.Dueto65growingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes66tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.Actually,atrueeco-friendlytripmustmeetthefollowingprinciples:……Provide68(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.Makesurethatthetourismprovidespositiveexperiencesforboththevisitorsandthehosts.KomodoNationalPark,officiallyrecognizedin1980,ispopularforecotourismbecauseofitsuniquebiodiversity.69(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaim70(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.【答案】62.development63.its64.until65.the66.Of68.financial69.activities70.tohave.【解析】62.为被考查动词develop位于冠词的之后，故考点为动词转化成名词。63.被考查代词位于名词origin之前，故物主代词形式。64.空白处位于表示时间的名词短语thelatenineteen1980s之前，根据句意可知。Ecoourism这个概念直到上世纪80年代晚期才被接受，本题涉及not…until结构。65.空白处位于名词短语growingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel之前，核心词为growingpopularity，故考点为冠词，且popu...