大量沼液施灌稻田的氨挥发特征邓欧平1，姜丽娜2，陈丁江1,3，孙嗣旸1，吕军1,4（1.浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310029；2.浙江省农科院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所，杭州310021；3.浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点实验室,杭州3100294；4.浙江大学教育部污染环境修复与生态健康重点实验室,杭州310029）摘要：基于沼液灌溉田间试验，采用通气法研究化肥和沼液施灌稻田的氨挥发特征及其差异性。结果表明，尿素施用处理的氨挥发速率峰值出现在每次施氮后当天或第2天，而各沼液施灌处理则在施氮后当天。氨挥发速率和累计量均随着施氮量的增加而提高。沼液灌溉田间氨挥发速率随时间的动态变化主要取决于田面水中氨氮浓度的变化。每次沼液施灌后的前7天是稻田氨挥发的关键时期。水稻分蘖初期氨挥发明显高于其他时期的。等氮量沼液施灌处理的平均氨挥发速率为（1.48±2.08）kg/(hm2·d)，累计量为（51.00±4.46）kg/hm2，全生育期氮素损失率（14.90±1.65）%，分别是尿素施用处理的5.1，3.0，6.4倍。因此，若以等氮量的沼液代替尿素不仅存在稻田供氮不足的风险，而且增加了氨挥发对生态环境产生不良影响的可能，这需要在沼液广泛应用于水稻生产的过程中特别关注。关键词：沼液；稻田；氨挥发；尿素；差异性中图分类号:X172,S154文献标识码:AAmmoniaVolatilizationfromtheBiogasSlurryIrrigationPaddyFieldDENGOu-ping1,JIANGLi-na2,CHENDing-jiang1,3,SUNSi-yang1,LVJun1,4(1.CollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandNaturalResources,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310029;2.InstituteofEnvironment,Resources,SoilScienceandFertilizer,ZhejiangAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Hangzhou310021;3.ZhejiangProvincialKeyLaboratoryofSubtropicalSoilandPlantNutrition,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310029;4.ChinaMinistryofEducationKeyLab.ofEnvironmentalRemediationandEcologicalHealth,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310029)Abstract:Insitufieldexperimentcombinedwithventingmethodwasconductedtostudytheammoniavolatilizationfromthebiogasslurry(BS)andchemicalfertilizerappliedpaddyfieldandtheirdifference.Thefieldexperimentdesignedfourtreatmentswiththreereplicationsaccordingtoappliednitrogen(N)quantities,i.e.,270Nkg/ha(I-F)fromurea,and270(I-B),540and1080Nkg/hafromBS.TheamountofBSorfertilizerforeachtreatmentwasfinishedforapplicationinthreetimeswithtendaysintervals.TheresultsshowedthatthepeakammoniavolatilizationrateatCFandeachBSappliedtreatmentplotappearedonthefirstorseconddayandthefirstafterNapplication,respectively.Thetemporaldynamicofammoniavolatilizationratewasmainlydominatedbytheammoniaconcentrationinthefloodwater.TheperiodwithinsevendaysafterNapplicationandtheearlystageoftillering(i.e.,thesecondtimefornitrogenapplication)wasthecriticaltimetocontrolammoniavolatilizationinpaddyfieldforeachNapplicationprocessandwholericegrowthperiod,respectively.AmmoniavolatilizationrateandaccumulativeamountwerebothincreasedwiththeappliedNquantity.Theaverageammoniavolatilizationratewas1收稿日期：2011-06-14基金项目:国家自然科学基金(40821140540)；浙江省优先主题科技专项(2008C13049)作者简介:邓欧平(1987-)，女，四川雅安人，硕士研究生，主要从事水污染控制与防治研究。E-mail:auh6@qq.com通讯作者:吕军(1958-)，男，浙江永康人，博士，教授，主要从事土壤物理、土水环境工程与水污染控制研究。E-mail:jlu@zju.edu.cn(1.48±2.08)kg/(hm2·d),accumulativeamountwas(51.00±4.46)kg/hm2andresultingnitrogenlossratewas(14.90±1.65)%attheI-Btreatmentplotwas5.1,3.0and6.4foldsofthatat1-Ftreatmentplot,respectively.TherisksontheNsupplydeficiencyforricegrowthandtheenvironmentalpollutionresultingfromtheincreasedammoniavolatilization,therefore,shouldbeheldtheattentiontoreplacetheureawiththeBSast...