生物质炭与氮肥配施对污染稻田田面水无机氮及重金属含量的影响#陈少毅1,许超2,张文静1,张杨珠2,秦晓波3**510152025303540(1.华南农业大学资源环境学院,广州510642;2.湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙410128;3.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081)摘要:采用多重金属污染土壤进行水稻(OryzasativaL.)盆栽试验,研究生物质炭和氮肥配施对稻田田面水无机氮和重金属浓度的影响。结果表明,与普通氮肥处理相比,DMPP氮肥、生物质炭+普通氮肥和生物质炭+DMPP氮肥处理田面水中硝态氮浓度分别显著降低66.7%,33.3%和68.7%,铵态氮浓度分别显著降低66.5%,10.7%和67.6%,总无机氮浓度显著降低66.5%,14.5%和67.8%;Cu浓度分别降低19.7%,0.5%和16.2%,Zn浓度分别降低64.5%,49.9%和86.2%,Cd浓度分别降低10.0%,6.7%和13.3%。硝化抑制剂DMPP和生物质炭均可有效地降低稻田氮素和重金属Cu,Zn和Cd流失的风险,有助于保护河流水体等地表水环境;DMPP的效果要优于生物质炭,DMPP和生物质炭混施的效果略高于DMPP单施。关键词:生物质炭;氮肥;田面水;重金属;污染土壤中图分类号:X53InfluencesofCombinedApplicationofBiocharandNitrogenFertilizersonConcentrationsofInorganicNitrogenandHeavyMetalsinSurfaceWaterofPaddySoilsCHENShaoyi1,XUChao2,ZHANGWenjing1,ZHANGYangzhu2,QINXiaobo3(1.CollegeofNaturalResourcesandEnvironment,SouthChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Guangzhou510642;2.CollegeofResources&Environment,HunanAgriculturalUniversity,Changsha410128;3.InstituteofEnvironmentandSustainableDevelopmentinAgriculture,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Beijing100081)Abstract:Inaricecultivationpotexperiment,theinfluencesofcombinedapplicationofbiocharandnitrogenfertilizersonconcentrationsofinorganicnitrogenandheavymetalsinsurfacewaterofpaddysoilscontaminatedwithheavymetalswerestudied.Resultsshowthat,comparedwiththetreatmentofcommonnitrogenfertilizer,nitrate,ammonium,totalinorganicnitrogen,Cu,Zn,andCdconcentrationsoftreatmentofcommonnitrogenfertilizerwithnitrificationinhibitor3,4-dimethylprazolephosphate(DMPP),treatmentofcommonnitrogenfertilizerwithbiochar,andtreatmentofDMPPnitrogenfertilizerwithbiocharweredecreasedby66.7%,33.3%and68.7%;66.5%,10.7%and67.6%;66.5%,14.5%and67.8%;19.7%,0.5%and16.2%;64.5%,49.9%and86.2%;10.0%,6.7%and13.3%insurfacewaterofthericefield,respectively.Consequently,itdemonstratesthatthepotentiallossriskofnitrogenandheavymetalsalongwithrunoffflowcouldbegreatlydeclinedwithapplicationofeitherDMPPorbiocharwhenthestormperiodcomes,whichissignificantinprotectingtheneighboringwaterbodyenvironment.Moreover,judgedbytheabovecontext,theeffectofDMPPwasbetterthanthatofbiochar,whiletheeffectofapplyingbothbiocharandDMPPnitrogenfertilizerwereslightlybetterthanthatofsingleapplicationofDMPPnitrogenfertilizer.Keywords:biochar;nitrogenfertilizer;keysurfacewater;heavymetals;contaminatedsoil基金项目:教育部博士点新教师联合基金项目(20114404120015);国家自然科学基金(41101293)作者简介:陈少毅(1989-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事环境污染控制与修复技术研究通信联系人:许超(1978-),男,博士后,讲师,主要从事污染控制与修复技术研究.xuchao1388@126.com-1-0引言近年来,随着农业的持续发展和集约化程度的不断提高,稻田氮肥施用量呈上升趋势,455055大量施用氮肥造成氮磷养分随径流进入水体,成为农业面源污染和河湖水体富营养化污染物质的主要来源[1],对农业面源污染的控制已成为现代农业发展中亟需解决的重要问题。随着我国工业化进程的加速和社会经济的发展,稻田受到重金属污染的问题日益严峻[2],和氮磷一样,土壤重金属污染将成为影响河流和湖泊重金属污染的重要来源[3],土壤重金属的积累是导致...