专题十二构词法名词后缀1.动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ion/-tion/-sion/-ation-er/-orcorrect→correction改正celebrate→celebration庆祝；庆祝会conclude→conclusion结论；终止discuss→discussion争论；辩论decide→decision打算admit→admission接纳；准许入学attract→attraction吸引invite→invitation邀请；请柬explain→explanation说明graduate→graduation毕业expect→expectation期望；期望drive→driver司机；驾驶员gather→gatherer收集者；采集者conduct→conductor指挥；售票员teach→teacher老师announce→announcer播音员-mentpunish→punishment惩处achieve→achievement功绩；成就argue→argument辩论；论据treat→treatment对待；治疗equip→equipment装备；设备govern→government政府-ance/-enceappear→appearance显现；外貌guide→guidance指引；指导perform→performance表演；节目exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏爱refer→reference参考；查阅-ing-ure/-ture-y其他hear→hearing听力；听觉begin→beginning开头；开端fail→failure失败；没做到press→pressure压力mix→mixture混合；混合物depart→departure离开；动身recover→recovery复原；痊愈discover→discovery发觉choose→choice挑选vary→variety多样化；种类tend→tendency趋向；趋势grow→growth生长；增加weigh→weight重量2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshort→shortage不足；短缺efficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流畅-cy-dom-ence-ness-th-y-ty-ityaccurate→accuracy精确性private→privacy隐私；私密free→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；聪明different→difference差异silent→silence缄默weak→weakness虚弱；弱点kind→kindness慈爱；好意careless→carelessness马虎大意strong→strength力气；强项warm→warmth暖和；热忱honest→honesty诚恳difficult→difficulty困难cruel→cruelty残酷；残暴safe→safety安全disable→disability无能；伤残responsible→responsibility责任[命题点感悟]单句语法填空①(2021·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisswitchhasdecreased(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.解析：pollutiondecrease“降低，削减”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，故填名词pollution；②(2021·浙江6月高考)Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein(weigh)problems.解析：weight依据语境可知，此处表示体重方面的问题，故此处填名词作定语；③(2021·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththeelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.(introduce)of解析：introduction依据空格前面的定冠词the可知此处需要填名词；withtheintroductionof表示“随着的引进”；⋯⋯④(2021·全国卷Ⅲ)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher(educate)．解析：education空格前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应当使用动词educate的名词形式education；⑤(2021·浙江10月高考)Magically,thatshowremainstheGreatJason'sbest(perform)tothisday.解析：performance依据前面的show可知此处需要填名词；“这是GreatJason's迄今最好的表演”；形容词、副词后缀1.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词-ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒服的fashion→fashionable时髦的suit→suitable合适的reason→reasonable有道理的-al-ful-ed-ingmusic→musical音乐的origin→original最初的person→personal个人的；私人的center→central中心的；中心的nature→natural自然的；天生的doubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有期望的peace→peaceful和平的scare→scared感到惧怕的confuse→confused感到困惑的underline→underlined下划线的surprise→surprising令人惊奇的convince→convincing令人信服的satisfy→satisfying令人中意的-ibleaccess→accessible简单取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐惧的terror→t...