英语肯定、否定句子结构解析一、部分否定常用词有代词或副词：all、both、every、everybody、everyday、everyone、many、everything、entirely、altogether、absolutely、wholly、completely、weathered、always、often等和not搭配时，表示部分否定，意为“并非都是，不是每个都是”。Bothofthemarenotmybrothers.Allisnotgoldthatglitters=notallisgoldthatglitters.Everymancannotdoit=noteverymancandoitIdon'trememberalltheseformulas.Thiskindoftreeisnotfoundeverywhere.Thericharenotalwayshappy.Everycoupleisnotapair.二、转移否定a.否定主语，但否定词not在形式上往往否定谓语。Everybodycannotenjoypopmusic.（noteveryone）b.否定表语和宾语，但否定词not在形式上往往否定谓语。Theclothdoesnotfeelverysoft.=Theclothfeelsnotverysoft.Idon'tagreewithallofyou.(someofyou)Idon'tlikebothofthebooks.(Ilikenotbothofthem.)c.否定状语，但否定词not在形式上往往否定谓语。Hehasnotcometothedecisionquickly.(notquickly)Ididnotdoitformyself.(Ididitnotformyself.)Thestudentsdidnotsittherelisteningtotheteacher.d.在not…and结构中，否定的往往是and后的部分，但否定词not往往否定谓语。Thehouseisnotbigandcomfortable.Thehouseisnotbig、butcomfortable.Thehouseisnotbigorcomfortable.Hedoesn'tspeakRussianandFrench.Don'tdrinkanddrive.Wecan'tputonairsandmakepeoplelikeus.正确理解和区分部分否定和全部否定很重要，稍一疏忽，就会铸成译文上的大错。a.Idon'tknowanythingabouther.（一无所知）Idon'tknoweverythingabouther.（并不全知道）b.Noneoftheanswersareright.（都不正确）Alltheanswersarenotright.（并非都正确）c.Idon'tknowanyofthem.（全不认识）Idon'tknowallofthem.（并非都认识）三、双重否定意义肯定双重否定指同一句子里出现两个否定词，即否定之否定，双重否定句表达的意思是肯定的，通常比肯定句的语气要重些，译成汉语就译成肯定形式，也可以保持双重否定的形式。否定词＋without意为“每……必”Whatappearedtomewonderfulwasthatnoneoftheantscamehomewithoutbringingsomething.使我感到惊奇的是每只蚂蚁回来都带回一些东西。Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.有烟必有火。无火不起烟。Noonecancommandotherswhocan'tcommandhimself.Therewasneveragreatgeniuswithoutatinctureofmadness.Therearenoroseswithoutthorns.Youcan'tmakesomethingoutofnothing.What'sdonecan'tbeundone.Nothingisnothingatall.Hardlyadaypassedwithoutourlearninganythingnew.可用于表示双重否定的词有：no…not、no(not)…without、no……but、cannotbut+v、cannothelp+v-ing、withoutdoubt、withoutfail、cannothelp+v、withoutexception、nothinglessbut、（正是）nonebut（除…外，…别无）、noonebut（除了…外，没有别人）、nonetoo（一点也不）havenoalternative/choicebuttodo（除……，别无选择）、Thereisnodoubtthat…、Thereisnodenyingthat…、Thereisnoquestionthat……、notseldom、notinfrequently、notunlike、notdispleased四、几乎否定几乎否定表示整个句子的意思接近于否定，常用的词有：little、few、barely、hardly、rarely、scarcely、seldomThisproblemhasbeenlittlestudied.Helittlerealizedthedangerhewasin.Sheisbarelyright.Iseldomgotanysleeplastnight.Scarcelyanythingremainstobesaid.五、形式否定意义肯定英语中有些形式上，否定而内容含义上都是肯定的结构，这是为了达到某种交际的目的而采取一种以否定句式来表达肯定含义的修辞方法，以加强语气或使语气更加委婉含蓄。译成汉语时不能拘泥于原文的表层结构的否定，要忠实于原文的含义。1、cannotwait后跟不定式，cannot也可改用canhardly，scarcely，never,意为“急于做”，表示强调的肯定Icouldn’twaittoseeher.我渴望见到她。Icannotwaittoreadthebook.我非常渴望读到这本书。2、cannot/couldn’t＋too意为“越……越……，非常，无论怎样……也不过分”在此结构中，c...