中小学英语教师基础知识资料（6）六、介词（一）知识概要介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一•个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规律，可帮助学习时参考，千万不要作为定律去背诵，照搬。介词表示时间表示地点方位表示原因方式其他about大约在.....时间aboutfiveo'clock在周围,大约多远aboutfivekilometres关于、涉及talkaboutyouabove高出某一平面abovesealevelacross横过walkacrossthestreet对両acrossthestreetafter在.....之后“ftetsupper跟....后面oneafteranothet追赶runafteryouagainst背靠逆风againstthewall,againstthewind反对beagainstyouamong三者以上的中间amongthetrees“t在某时刻“tten在小地点“ttheschoolgate表示速度sthighspeed向着，对着“tmebefore在.....之前beforelunch位于……之前sitbeforemebehind位于.....Z后behindthetreebelow低于....水平belowzero不合格belowthestandardby到……时刻，在……吋刻之前byfiveo'clock紧挨着sitebysite乘坐交通工具byair,bybick被由wasmadebyusduring在....期间duringtheholidaysfor延续多长时间forfiveyears向……去leaveforShanghai为『,对于begoodforyoufrom从某时到....某时frommorningtillnight来自何方fromNewYork由某原料制成bemadefrom來自何处whereareyoufromin在年、月、周较长时间内inaweek在里面intheroom用某种语言inEnglish穿着inredinto进入.....里面walkinto除分divideinto变动turnintowaternear接近某时nearfiveyears在........附近neartheparkOf用某种原料制成bemadeof属于…一性质amapofU・S・Aon某日、某tl的上下午onSundayafternoon在.......上面onthedesk靠吃......为生liveonrice关于abookonPhysicsover渡过一整段时间workovernight在上方overthedesk超过，高于overfivepairspast超过某一时刻tenpastfive经过某地walkpasttheparksince从某时以來since1980原因Sinceyouwereillthrough经过某一时期throughhislife通过、穿过某地throughtheforesttilluntil直到某时为止tillfiveoclockto差多少时间fivetoten问,到,去往toShanghai面对而facetoface给予giveabooktomeunder在....下面underthedesk少于underten在....管制之下undertherulewith用某种工具withapen带着,具有withmewithout没有withoutair（二）正误辨析［误］Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak・［止］Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak・［析］at用于具体时刻之前，如:sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,night□［误］Doi?tsleepatdaytimeLIE］Dor/tsleepindaytime.［析］in要用于较长的―段吋间之内,ill：inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month/year・或inspring/supper/autumn/wintct等等。［误］WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon・［止］WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.［析］inthemorning,intheafternoon如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介饲都要改为on,如：onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th［误］Hebecameawrittenathistwenties［止］Hebecameawritterinhistwenties［析］这句话应译为：他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示，1伯在具休岁数时用毗来表示。［误］HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold・［止］HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen・［析］在具体年岁前用at,如：tittheageof12,“tyout“ge,等等。［误］Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday>［止］Wewenttoswimintheriveronciveryhotday>［析］具体某一“天要用介词on,又如：onNewYear'sDay［误］rmlookingforweirdtoseeingyouonChristnms.［止］rmlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.［析］在节日的当天用on,而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间，一•般要有两周或更长的时间。［误］Ihaven'tseeyouduringthesummerholidays.［止］Ihaven'tseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.［析］during表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成时搭配，如:Ivisitedalotofm...