第一层级|抓牢“词法”——保基本分第一讲名词和冠词在高考中，语法填空和短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。在语法填空和短文改错中，解答有关名词的题目时，一要根据在句中所作的成分确定是否使用名词。名词在句中常用作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。二要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语的情况以及主谓一致原则来确定名词单复数。(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)Itwaslateatnight.Two1.________(German)weresleepingintheirroomwhensuddenly,oneofthem,Mrs.Green,waswokenupandfoundathiefslippingintotheirroomtotryhisluck.Shehadthreethousand2.______(dollar)inherpocket.“WhatshouldIdo?Many3.______(thief)usuallybring4.________(knife)withthem，”shethoughtin5.________(silent).Aftertwo6.________(minute)search,thethiefhappenedtotouchasportssuit.Itseemedasifhefoundtherewassomeoneintheroom,sohewentouttothenextroomwheretwo7.________(Frenchman)weresleeping.Whenhewaslookingfor8.________(money)orsome9.________(jewel)inthenextroom,Mrs.Greenwokeupherhusbandquicklyandcalledthepolice.Andthenthethiefknewwhathadhappened.Hewassoscaredthathetookoutaknife.Justthenthepoliceshowedup.Beforethethiefranaway,thepolicecaughthim.ForMrs.Green,itwasreallyanunusual10.________(experience)．答案：1.Germans2.dollars3.thieves4.knives5.silence6.minutes'7.Frenchmen8.money9.jewels/jewelry10.experience(二)快捷技法思考趋向解题规则1.填名词的单复数若提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的单复数。1.不定冠词a,an后用名词单数形式。(如题10)2.有数词或these,those,several,many,all,both等词修饰时名词用复数形式。(如题1,2,3,7,9)3.名词前有oneof时用名词复数形式。4.如果空格处作主语，且谓语动词是单数形式，则空格处应填名词单数形式；若谓语动词是复数形式，则空格处应填名词复数形式。5.不可数名词没有复数形式。(如题8)2.填名词的所有格提示词为名词时，如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。(如题6)1.单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加's。2.以s或es结尾的名词复数，形式为s'或es'。3.复合名词中，一般在最后一个词的词尾加's，如herbrotherin-law'scharacter。3.派生为名词作句子的主语、宾语(包括介词的宾语)时，一般设空处填名词。(如题5)(三)重点强化1．可数名词复数的规则变化：(1)一般情况下在词尾直接加s(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词，在词尾加es(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，将y变为i，再加es(4)以元音字母加y结尾的名词，在词尾直接加s(5)以o结尾的名词，无生命的常在词尾加s，如pianos,photos；有生命的在词尾加es，如potatoes,heroes等(6)以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f或fe为v，再加es。如knife→knives，leaf→leaves(如题3,4)；少数直接加s，如roof→roofs,gulf→gulfs2．可数名词复数的不规则变化：(1)单复数同形的名词：sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese,means(手段),works(工厂),series(系列)等(2)复数形式有特殊变化的名词：criterion标准→criteriamouse老鼠→micephenomenon现象→phenomenafoot脚；英尺→feetmedium传播媒介→mediachild孩子→children(一)考点练悟下文中共有6处错误，每句中最多有一处。请找出并改正。Recently,afamousbasketballplayerhascausedpublicangrybywritingontheGreatWall.Infact,thishappensinmanyplaceofinterest.Ihavesomesuggestiontosolvethisproblem.First,makemorepostertoinformthepublicofthedamageofgraffiti(涂鸦).Besides,punishments,suchasafine,arenecessarytotouristswithsuchbadbehavior.Also,Ithinkit'shelpfultoputupsomeboardsalongthetouristattractionwheretouristsarepermittedtoleavemessages.I'msurewithoureffort,moreandmorepeoplewillbecomeconcernedaboutprotectingculturalrelics.答案：第一句：angry→anger第二句：place→places第三句：suggestion→s...