托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO26-3(下)托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型,tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料,所以托福小编综合二者,为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析,供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO26-3的事实信息题(下),一起来看看吧。TPO26-3SumerandtheFirstCitiesoftheAncientNearEastParagraph3:Itusedtobebelievedthatbefore3000B.C.E.thepoliticalandeconomiclifeofthecitieswascenteredontheirtemples,butitnowseemsprobablethatthecitieshadsecularrulersfromearliest.Withinthecitylivedadministrators,craftspeople,andmerchants.(Tradingwasimportant,assomanyrawmaterials,thesemipreciousstonesforthedecorationofthetemples,timbersforroofs,andallmetals,hadtobeimported.)Anincreasinglysophisticatedsystemofadministrationledinabout3300B.C.E.totheappearanceofwriting.Theearliestscriptwasbasedonlogograms,withasymbolbeingusedtoexpressawholeword.Thelogogramswereincisedondampclaytabletswithastyluswithawedgeshapeatitsend.(TheRomanscalledtheshapecuneusandthisgivesthescriptitsnameofcuneiform.)Twothousandlogogramshavebeenrecordedfromtheseearlycenturiesofwriting.Amoreeconomicalapproachwastouseasigntoexpressnotawholewordbutasinglesyllable.(Totakeanexample:theSumerianwordfor"head”was“sag.”Wheneverawordincludingasyllableinwhichthesound“sag”wastobewritten,thesignfor“sag"couldbeusedtoexpressthatsyllablewiththeremainingsyllablesofthewordexpressedbyothersigns.)By2300B.C.E.thenumberofsignsrequiredhadbeenreducedto600,andtherangeofwordsthatcouldbeexpressedhadwidened.Textsdealingwitheconomicmatterspredominated,astheyalwayshaddone;butatthispointworksoftheology,literature,history,andlawalsoappeared.6:Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingledtotheappearanceofwriting?○Anincreasinglysophisticatedadministrativesystem○Coordinationbetweensecularandreligiousleaders○Thelargevolumeoftrade,particularlyimports○Arapidlyexpandingandchangingpopulation解题:以appearanceofwriting做关键词定位至第一个括号之后那句,说越来越复杂的管理体系导致了writing,所以正确答案是A。B的leaders,C的imports和D的population都不在定位句中,不选。【3】曾经,人们认为公元前3000年之前,这些城邦的政治经济生活是以庙宇群为中心的,但是现在看来,这些城邦很可能早期就有世俗的统治者。城邦中生活着管理者们、手工艺人以及商人。(因为有如此多的原材料、装饰庙宇用的半宝石石料、建造屋顶用的木材以及所有的金属都必须进口,贸易就显得很重要了。)一个日益复杂的管理系统促使了书写在公元前3300年左右的诞生。最早的手写体以缩记符为基础,用符号来表达一个词。这些字符是用楔形状的铁笔,被雕刻在潮湿的陶土版上(因此字符末端也呈楔形)。(古罗马人把这种形状称之为楔形(cuneus)并把这种手写体称之为楔形文字(cuneiform)。)这些早期的书写文字记录了2000个这样的字符。后来出现一种更加方便的书写方法:使用一个符号去代表一个音节而非整个单词。(例如,在苏美尔语中表示“头”的词是“sag”。每当一个词中含有“sag”这个音节,书写时都会写上“sag”,“sag”被用于表达这一发音,而该词其他部分的发音则会用其他的符号来表达。)到公元前2300年,书写所需用到的符号数量下降到了600个。单词表达的范围却扩大了。有关经济方面的文本占主导地位,它们历来如此;但同时,关于神学、文学、历史和法律的作品也孕育而生了。7:Inparagraph3,whydoestheauthorprovidetheinformationthatthenumberofsignsinusehaddroppedfrom2,000to600by2300B.C.E.?○Toarguethatthedevelopmentofwritinginvolvedperiodsofgrowthfollowedbyperiodsofdecline○Todemonstratethatearlierwrittentextsusedalargervocabularythanlatertexts,whichwereaimedatabroade...