从“法华观音”到“华严观音”热菡要：关于莫高窟第464窟后室所绘的“观音现身”画面，学界一直认为是一铺观音经变。但近年有研究者提出新说，认为是据所绘，故而将其定名为大“乘庄严宝王经变”，并推论南壁所绘“上师”人物形象为该经中提到的“阿苏”、诸多头戴冠饰的形象为“日天”“月天”诸天神。文章通过详细比较、分析这两种不同的定名，并对敦煌发现的西夏文绘图刻本进行研究后认为，后室“观音现身”是根据所绘，仍然是一铺观音经变，画面中出现所绘“国师”或“帝师”形象很可能与窟主个人有关。并在此基础上认为，后代只重绘了前室和甬道，而有意保留后室壁画，很可能是考虑到“观音现身”与“善财童子寻访善知识”二者之间有许多共同之处，因而进行了融通，而原本的“法华观音”也就转变为“华严观音”。关键词：观音现身;;西夏文;西夏文;善财童子五十三参：K879.41文献标识码：A：1000-4106（2022）01-0020-13TheTransformationofAvalokitesvarafromtheLotusSutratotheGarlandSutra―AStudyontheIdentificationoftheMuralsintheMainChamberofMogaoCave464andtheRelationofthePaintingwiththeAntechamberZHANGYuanlin（DunhuangAcademy，Dunhuang，Gansu736200）Abstract：Formanyyears，apaintingdepictingthe“ManifestationofAvalokitesvara”inthemainchamberofMogaocave464haswidelybeen第1页共3页regardedasanillustrationofAvalokitesvara.Inrecentyears，however，someresearchershavecometobelievethatthismuralwasactuallypaintedbasedontheAvalokitesvaraGuzakara政法avyuhaSutra.TheythereforeconcludethattheprimarysubjectisAvalokitesvara-Guzakara政法avyuhaandinferthattheimageofthe“master”ismostlikelyAsura，whoismentionedinthesutra，whilethefigureswearingcrownsrepresentvariousdeitiessuchasthesunandthemoon.Bycarefullycomparingandanalyzingtheseanalysestogetherwiththeblock-printedversionoftheAvalokitesvaraSutrainTangutscriptdiscoveredinDunhuang，theauthorcomestotheconclusionthatthe“ManifestationofAvalokitesvara”inthemainchamberwascreatedaccordingtotheChapteroftheUniversalGatefromtheLotusSutra.Inaddition，analysisofthehistoryofthecaveleadstotheinferencethattheillustrationdoesdepictAvalokitesvara，butthatthefigureofthe“master”orroyalpreceptorinthepaintingwaslikelyassociatedwiththedonorwhosponsoredtheconstructionofthecave.Onthisbasis，itcanbeconcludedthatonlytheantechamberandthecorridorwererepaintedinlaterbecausethecavedonorwanted第2页共3页tomaintaincertainthematicsimilaritiesbetweenthe“ManifestationofAvalokitesvara”and“SudhanaVisitingtheFifty-threeKaly？^namitra”scenesinBuddhistscripture.Duringlaterrenovationofthecave，theoriginalmuralcontainingAvalokitesvaraasheappearsintheLotusSutrawasreplacedbyadepictionmorecloselyinlinewithhisformintheGarlandSutra.第3页共3页