精品文档2THEORYOFURBANPLANNINGWhatisaCity?2.1Mostofourhousingandcityplanninghasbeenhandicappedbecausethosewhohaveundertakentheworkhavehadnoclearnotionofthesocialfunctionsofthecity.1surveyoftheacursoryactivitiesandtoTheysoughtderivethesefunctionsfrominterestsofthecontemporaryurbanscene.Andtheydidnot,apparently,suspectthattheremightbegrossdeficiencies,misdirectedefforts,mistakenexpendituresherethatwouldnotbesetstraightbymerelybuildingsanitarytenementsorstraighteningoutandwideningirregularstreet..大多数住房和城市规划的不完满是因为我们已经开展的工作没有清楚的城市功能社会化的概念。他们试图从当代都市景象的活动与利益中的一个粗略的调查来获得这些功能。显然他们没有怀疑这可能有严重的不足，误导努力的方向，在这错误的支出，将不会仅仅直接采用建设卫生的住宅或者整顿和拓宽不规则的道路。Thecityasapurelyphysicalfacthasbeensubjecttonumerousinvestigations.Butwhatisthecityasasocialinstitution?Iwouldlikesumupthesociologicalconceptofthecityinthefollowingterms:城市作为一个纯粹的物理事实一直受到众多调查。但是，城市作为一种社会制度是什么？我想在以下方面总结城市的社会学概念：Thecityisarelatedcollectionofprimarygroupsandpurposiveassociations:the2,whileallcommunitiesthetoareandlikefirst,familyneighborhood,common精品文档．精品文档secondareespeciallycharacteristicofcitylife.Thesevariedgroupssupportthemselvesthrougheconomicorganizationsthatarelikewiseofamoreorlesscorporate,oratleastpubliclyregulated;andtheyareallhousedinpermanentstructures,withinarelativelylimitedarea.Theessentialphysicalmeansofacity'sexistencearethefixedsite,thedurableshelter,thepermanentfacilitiesforassembly,interchange,andstorage;theessentialsocialmeansarethesocialdivisionoflabor,whichservesnotmerelytheeconomiclifebuttheculturalprocesses.Thecityinitscompletesense,then,isageographicplexus,aneconomicorganization,an---本文来源于网络，仅供参考，勿照抄，如有侵权请联系删除---3symbolofcollectiveinstitutionalprocess,atheaterofsocialaction,andanaestheticunity.Thecityfostersartandisart;thecitycreatesthetheater,thatman'smorepurposiveactivitiesarefocused,andworkout,throughconflictingandcooperatingpersonalities,events,groups,intomoresignificantculminations.城市是主要群体和立意团体的相关集合：第一，像家人和邻里一样适用于所有社区，而第二，尤其是城市生活的特点。这些不同的团体通过差不多同样的企业或者至少是公开监管的经济组织来支撑他们自己，并且他们都坐落于一个相对有限区域内的永久性建筑物中。固定的场地是一个城市存在必不可少的物理手段，经久耐用的收容所，永久设施的组装，交换和存储，社会的基本手段是社会劳动分工，不仅是提供经济上的生活，而且要有文化的过程。那么，完整意义上的城市是一个地理丛，一个经济组织，一个制度进程，一个社会行为的剧院和一个团结集体的审美符号。城市促进和形成了艺术，城市创建了剧院，那是人类更有目的的活动焦点，并且通过争论和合作的人，事，团体来得出更重要的成就。Withoutthesocialdramathatcomesintoexistencethroughthefocusingandintensificationofgroupactivitythereisnotasinglefunctionperformedinthecitythat精品文档．精品文档－－intheopencountry.couldnotbeperformedandhasnotinfactbeenperformed4thisdramaormakeitfrustrate;orThephysicalorganizationofthecitymaydeflateitmay,throughthedeliberateeffortsofart,politics,andeducation,makethedramatheintensifiesandunderlinessignificant,morerichlyasastage-set,well-designed,ofuglinesssomenhavedweltoftenonthebeautyorthethatgesturesfornothingibutesqualifymen'ssocialactivities.Andifthereisade...