克氏原螯虾养殖群体的SLAF测序及遗传多样性分析摘要：【目的】探究克氏原螯r养殖群体内和群体间的遗传多样性，为引种和群体间杂交以改善养殖群体种质提供参考依据。【方法】以湖北、江西、安徽、浙江和江苏5省克氏原螯虾主产地14个养殖群体的120个个体为研究对象，采用简化基因组测序技术――特定区点扩增片段测序技术（SLAF-seq）进行基因组测序，获得基因组SNP基因型数据，构建群体系统发育进化树，并进行群体结构、主成分和遗传多样性分析。【结果】共鉴定出741147个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点，群体系统进化分析表明，14个群体的种源主要来自浙江金华和江苏宿迁，然后再向各地引种迁徙。群体结构分析结果与系统进化分析结果相吻合。主成分分析结果揭示了安徽长丰和滁州群体、湖北荆州龙口及和平2个群体，以及浙江东阳群体等5个群体与其他群体间存在相对较远的亲缘关系，是杂交引种的潜在种源。群体遗传多样性分析显示，14个群体的Ho介于0.2171～0.2801，平均值为0.2476，He介于0.3424～0.3598，平均值为0.3534，PIC介于0.2750～0.2878，群体间相差不大，接近0.25，各群体均接近遗传多样性中等水平的下限。【结论】14个克氏原螯虾养殖群体内的遗传多样性较低，群体间的亲缘关系较接近，品种单一、长期内交迹象明显。通过群体的基因组重测序，能以较低的成本实现对养殖群体遗传多样性的定期监测。关键词：克氏原螯虾;SLAF-seq;SNP;遗传多样性;群体遗传学中图分类号：S932文献标志码：A文章编号：2095-1191（2021）12-3265-09AnalysisofgeneticdiversityamongthefarmedProcambarusclarkiipopulationsusingtheSLAF-seqtechnologyLIUYa-nan1，2，LIUJie1，2，WEIShang1，2，LIYa-lin1，2，LIMing3，XIAOJun4，QIUGao-feng1，2，LUYing1，2*（1KeyLaboratoryofExplorationandUtilizationofAquaticGeneticResources，MinistryofEducation，ShanghaiOceanUniversity，Shanghai201306，China;2InternationalResearchCenterforMarineBioscience，MinistryofScienceandTechnology，ShanghaiOceanUniversity，Shanghai201306，China;3AquaticProductsTechnologyExtensionStationofJinhuaCity，Jinhua，Zhejiang321017，China;4GuangxiAcademyofFisherySciences/GuangxiKeyLaboratoryofAquaticGeneticBreedingandHealthyAquaculture，Nanning530021，China）Abstract：【Objective】Thisstudywasdesignedtoinvestigatetheintra-groupandinter-groupgeneticdiversityoffarmedProcambarusclarkiipopulations，andtoprovidefundamentaldatabasesforimprovingthegermplasmofbreedinggroupsthroughrequiredintroductionandcrossbreeding.【Method】Atotalof120individualsof14farmedpopulationscollectedinHubei，Jiangxi，Anhui，ZhejiangandJiangsuweresequencedwithaSpecific-LocusAmplifiedFragmentSequencing（SLAF-seq）technology，oneoftherestrictionsite-associatedDNAsequencingtechnologies.Thesinglenucleotidepolymorphisms（SNPs）wereidentifiedtoconducttheanalyzationofphylogeny，populationstructure，principalcomponentandgeneticdiversity.【Result】Accordingtotheidentified741147SNPsinthisstudy，thephylogenicanalysissuggestedthatthe14populationsoriginatedfromtwomainorigins，JinhuaandSuqian.Thentheywereintroducedandmigratedtodifferentplaces.Theresultsofthepopulationstructureanalysisagreedwiththephylogeneticanalysis.Theprincipalcomponentanalysisrevealedthatthefivepopulations，includingChangfeng（Anhui），Chuzhou（Anhui），Longkou，Jingzhou（Hubei），Heping，Jingzhou（Hubei）andDongyang（Zhejiang）hadrelativelydistantgeneticrelationshipstotheothers，whichmightbethepotentialprovenancesforthefuturehybridization.Theestimatedgeneticdiversityofthe14populationsexhibitedthatHorangedfrom0.2171to0.2801withameanof0.2476，Hefrom0.3424to0.3598withameanof0.3534andPICfrom0.2750to0.2878，thedifferenceamongpopulationswassmall，especiallyforthePICallcloseto0.25.Eachpopulationapproachedthelowerlimitofintermediatelevelsofgeneticdiversity.【Conclusion】Comparisonofsequencevariationsrevealsaconsiderablylowgeneticdiversitywithinandamongthe14farmedP.clarkiipopulations.Thekinshipbetweengroupsisclose，withobvioussignsofsinglebreedandlong-termcrossing.Asalow-costandeffectiveapproach，theSLAF-seqsequencingshouldbesuitedtoregularlymonitorthegeneticdiversityofthefarmedpopulations.