语言哲学视角下的意义用法研究语言哲学视角下的意义用法研究Abstract：thestudyofmeaningisgenerallycal1edsemantics,whichhasbecomeahottopicinthehumanscholarship.Therearemanydiscussionsofmeaningandusefromclifferentaspects・Therelationshipbetweenmeaningandusealsocanbestudiedfromdifferentpointsofviewandusingvariousapproaches,suchasaphoneticapproach,alogicalapproach,asemioticapproachandsoon.Thispapermainlyfromthephilosophyaspecttoanalyzethemeaninganduseoflanguage・摘耍：对语言意义的研究成为语义学，如今已成为学术界研究的热点课题。对意义的研究多种多样，与此相关的，意义和用法之间的关系的谈论也随处可见。有许多学者从不同的视角对意义和用法进行过研究，比如从音位学方面，逻辑学方面，符号学方面等等。本文将主要从语言哲学的视角对言语意义和用法关系之间进行分析。Keywords:meaning；use；implicature关键词：意义；用法；会话含义作者简介：谈建宏，女(1987-),汉，重庆忠县，重庆师范大学外国语学院2010级硕士研究生，专业：英语语言文学，研究方向：英语语言学。［中图分类号hH31［文献标识码hA［文章编号］:1002-2139(2012)-11-0157-02Meaningisthecentertopicofthephilosophyoflanguage,becausethephilosophersthinkthatthestudyofmeaningisthekeytoknowoneselfandtheobjectivewor1d・Meaningisineverywhereandreferstomanyaspectsoflanguage,suchasthetone,theformofawordandthestructureofasentenee,andeventhesamewordcanhavedifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts・Meaningofawordrelatestoitsuse・1、TosaysomethingistodosomethingInthelatterpartofHowToDoThingsWithWords,Austinmadeafreshstartontheproblemandconsidereditagainthatinwhatsensetosaysomethingistodosomething.Inhisopinion,therearethreesensesinwhichsayingsomethingmaybeunderstoodasdoingsomething・Theyarethelocutionaryact>illocutionaryactandperlocutionaryact・Thelocutionaryactis,anordinaryone,whatissaidtheformofutterance,theactofsayingsomething,forexample:ifsomeonesays"Openthedoor!vthelocutionaryactistherealizationofthespeaker?sutterance・Theillocutionaryactiswhatisdoneinutteringtheword,thefunctionoftheword,thespecificpurposethatspeaker?shaveinmind,forexample:theutteranee"Tpromisetogiveitbacktomorrownisusedtoperformtheillocutionaryactofpromising.Theperlocutionaryactiswhatisdonebyutteringtheword・Itistheeffectonlistenerorthelistener?sreaction,forexample:theutterance"Thereissomethinginyourback!maycausethelistenertopanicandtolookbackhisback・Theperlocutionaryofthatutteranceistocausetheseemotionandaction.Oneknowstheforceofanutteranceifoneknowswhatpointthespeakerhadinmakingtheutterance,andthatisamatterofknowingsomethingaboutwhatthespeakerdidorwhatshewasupto.Itisobviousthattheuseofasentencewouldbespecifiedwhenboththemeaningofthewordsproducedwerespecifiedandtheforceattachingtothosewordswerespecified.Whenonelearnsaboutthedistinctionbetweenmeaningandforce,itseemslikethatasentence'smeaningisonethingandtheforceisanotherthing.Thisopinionisalsothecentermatterthatmanyphilosophersthinkabout・2、Whatwordsdobysayingwhatspeakersdo
