急性下肢深静脉血栓形成外科治疗(附22例研究)【摘要】目的探讨急性下肢深静脉血栓形成时腔静脉滤器保护下手术取栓的适应症及治疗效果。方法对手术取栓的22例急性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果经导管取栓术后,所有患者临床症状明显改善。术后静脉造影示:12例深静脉全程基本通畅,6例为深静脉短段闭塞;余呈全肢型静脉血栓。全组患者滤器置入者16例,位置适中,无滤器释放不全、穿孔、移位、血肿、出血或释放通路血栓形成等,无术后死亡病例或肺动脉栓塞发生。6例未滤器置入者,合并轻微肺动脉栓塞2例,无死亡病例。术后随访1-3年,除3例仍有下肢轻微肿胀外,其余病例无明显肿胀、浅静脉曲张、溃疡等,在循序减压护套的支持下能正常工作生活。结论在下腔静脉滤器保护下行股静脉切开Forgarty导管取栓术治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成具有安全、疗效好、恢复快等优点。但应严格掌握适应症,其术后远期通畅率也有待进一步提高。【关键词】急性深静脉血栓形成适应症取栓术静脉滤器中图分类号:R543.6文献标识码:A文章编号:1005-0515(2010)07-015-03SurgicalTreatmentofAcuteDeepVenousThrombosisofLowerLimbsZHENGXian-jie,ZHANGShuang-lin*,ZHANGZhuang,ZHAOAi-guo,ZHANGGuo-yu,ZHANGXiao-yang,DUANShu-min,1.DepartmentofCardiovascularSurgery,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalHeNanUniversityKaiFeng,HeNan,475003【Abstract】ObjectiveToinvestigatetheeffectandindicationofthrombectomywiththeprotectionofcavalveinfilteronpatientswithacutedeepvenousthrombosisoflowextremity.MethodsClinicaldataof22casesafterthrombectomywereanalyzedretrospectively.ResuItsAllcasesgainedclinicaleffectsaftertheywereunderwentsurgicalthrombectomy.Postoperativephlebographyresults:canalizationwasachievedin12cases;sixcasesweresegmentalcompleteobstruction;Iwasentirelimb-typeveinthrombosis・Sixteencaseswereunderwentvenacavafilterplacementappropriatelywithoutpero-releasing.Therewerenoperforation,displacement,hematoma,hemorrhage,thrombogenesisinthereleasingway.Andtherewerenopostoperativedeadcasesorpulmonaryembolism.Among6caseswithoutfilter,twocasesdevelopedpulmonaryembolism,butnodeath.Fromonetothreeyearsafteroperation:exceptthreepatientswerestillsufferedwithlightlowerlimbswelling,nolowerlimbswelling,superficialvaricosisandabscessappearedinalltheotherpatients,andtheycouldliveandworknormallysupportedbysheath.ConelusionsSurgicalthrombectomyissafeandeffectiveintreatmentofacutedeepvenousthrombosisoflowerextremity,butweshoudknowtheindicationscompletely,andthelong-termpatencyrateafteroperationshouldbeincreasedinthefuture・【Keywords】Acutedeepvenousthrombosis;Indication;Thrombectomy;Venacavafilter下肢深静脉血栓形成(lowerextremitydeepveinthrombosis,LEDVT)是临床上常见的疾病,其严重者可引起肢体的坏死而致残,甚至可引起肺动脉栓塞而危及患者生命。早期治疗及合理治疗方法的选择,能有效减轻患者的痛苦,缩短治疗周期及减少严重并发症的发生。我国LEDVT的发病率少于欧美国家。但我国的人口基数大,因此每年新发病人数仍较多;其远期并发症即血栓形成后综合征对患者的劳动能力及生活质量有很大的影响。我院于2006年9月-2008年9月采用手术为主的综合技术治疗急性患者22例,取得良好效果,现报道如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料本组22例,左下肢发病16例,右下肢6例;男8例,女14例;年龄19~76岁,平均49岁。发病至手术的时间为ri2d,平均3.5d,其中病程小于5d者18例,5〜10d者2例,大于10天2例。全部患者均根据临床表现、下肢深静脉彩超或经足背静脉顺行造影确诊,其中中央型8例,混合型14例。致病原因包括:有骨盆骨折长期卧床史6例,4例为腹部大型手术后,胸部手术后3例,四肢多发性骨折3例,恶性肿瘤2例,4例无明显诱因。患者均表现为患肢明显肿胀、增粗,周长比健侧增加3〜9cm,下肢...