恶性胸腹水患者热疗联合腔内化疗的疗效及护理研究[摘要]目的:探讨热疗联合腔内化疗治疗癌症患者恶性胸腹水疗效及护理策略。方法:对已确诊的25例恶性肿瘤引起的胸腹水患者,釆取胸腹腔积液引流后行腔内化疗,并联合局部热疗,治疗前进行心理护理及相应准备工作,定期巡视密切观察患者情况,加强引流、热疗及不良反应的护理。结果:25例患者治疗后总有效率为84.0%,生活质量改善率为80.0%,治疗后仅1例浅II度烫伤患者,经对症护理后痊愈,无其他严重不良反应发生。结论:热疗联合腔内化疗治疗癌症患者恶性胸腹水效果好,治疗中合理的护理策略、舒适的护理可减少热疗联合化疗不良反应的发生,改善患者生活质量。[关键词]热疗;化疗;胸腹水;疗效;护理[中图分类号]R473.73[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1673-7210(2011)12(a)-126-02NursingcareandefficacystudyforpatientswithmalignantpleuralandabdominaleffusiontreatedbyperfusionchemotherapycombinedwiththermotherapyHUANGLichuni,CHENGYumei2,CHENHongl,LIUYuel,DINGYunxial,LIYil,WANGYonggangl,LIYinghuall.DepartmentofOncology,KunmingGeneralHospitalofChengduMilitaryCommandofPLA,YunnanProvince,Kunming650032,China;2.TheFirstRetiredCadresinBeijiaochang,KunmingGeneralHospitalofChengduMilitaryCommandofPLA,YunnanProvinee,Kunming650032,China[Abstract]Objective:Toinvestigatetheeffectandnursingcareduringperfusionchemotherapycombinedwiththermotherapyinthetreatmentofpatientswithmalignantpleuralandabdominaleffusion.Methods:25patientswithmalignantpleuralandabdominaleffusionweretreatedbydrainage,perfusionchemotherapyandthermotherapy・Psychologicalcareandpreparationsweretakenbeforetreatment,duringdrainageandthermotherapy,attentionswerepaidtothesituationofpatientsregularly・Results:Thetotalrecoveryof25patientswas84.0%,andthequalityoflifeimprovementratewas80.0%,onlyonepatientscaldedduringthermotherapycureandrecoveredaftersymptomaticcare・Conclusion:Thetreatmentofperfusionchemotherapycombinedwiththermotherapyinpatientswithmalignantpleuralandabdominaleffusionhasasignificanteffect;thereasonableandcozycarecandeeplyreducetheincidenceofpostoperativecomplicationduringthetreatment,andpromoterecoveryofpatients.[Keywords]Thermotherapy;Chemotherapy;Pleuralandabdominaleffusion;Nursingcare恶性胸腹腔积液是一些晚期癌症常见的并发症,肺癌、胃癌、肠癌等肿瘤患者晚期均可能出现胸腹腔积液,预后往往较差,甚至危及患者生命⑴。单纯的引流联合化疗治疗效果有限⑵,但随着热疗联合腹腔化疗的出现,情况有所改观,热疗可与化疗起到协同作用,且可以减轻化疗的不良反应[3]。我院于2002~2007年对25例晚期癌症伴恶性胸腹腔积液患者行热疗联合腔内化疗,效果理想,现报道如下:1资料与方法1.1一般资料选取我科25例晚期癌症伴恶性胸腹腔积液患者,其中,男13例,女12例;年龄33~65岁;肺癌6例,肝癌8例,乳腺癌4例,卵巢癌3例,其他4例;经X线或B超确诊胸水8例,腹水11例,胸腹水6例。卡氏评分55~70分。生活质量明显下降,预计生存期〉3个月,无热疗禁忌证。1.2治疗方法常规皮肤消毒,以B超定位,胸腹腔穿刺后置引流管并连接负压引流袋缓慢放出积液,引流量以患者不感到明显不适为宜,每日600~800ml,待积液引流基本干净后,以顺1040mg/m2加地塞米松10mg加生理盐水250ml灌注入胸腹腔,闭管,并嘱患者变换体位以使化疗药物与胸、腹腔充分接触,每周1次,共4次。患者于灌注30min后,采用珠海和佳生产的HG-2000型高频热疗机行胸、腹腔热疗,系统温度控制在42~43°C,45min/次,每日热疗1次。灌注化疗药前30min给予阿扎司琼10mg静脉滴注预防热化疗可能出现的恶心、呕吐。1.3护理措施1.3.1心理疏导晚期恶性癌症患者大多由于疼痛等疾病及心理压力出现焦虑、抑郁等不稳定情绪,因此应积极与患者沟通,以恰当的方式告知患者情况以及治疗的预期效果等,消除...