Unit9ReferencingObjectives-Knowsignificanceofreferencing-UnderstanddifferentstylesofreferencingContents-Readinganddiscussion:ScienceandMLAreferencestyles?-Languagefocus:informationorder-Writingpractice:Referencingasrequired.1.ReadingActivityAsapartofanacademiccommunity,itisimportantthatyoushowthereaderwhereyouhaveusedsomeoneelse’sideasorwords.Failuretoproperlyreferencemaymakethereaderthinkthatyouarecheatingbyclaimingsomeoneelse’sworkasyourown.Intheacademicenvironment,wecallthisplagiarismanditisseenasaveryseriousoffence.Pleaserememberthatplagiarismisnotjustwhenyoudirectlycopywordsfromanotherstudent’sorexpert’swork.Plagiarismalsooccurswhenyoure-wordsomeoneelse’sideasinyourownworkandyoudonotgivecredittotheoriginalsource.Allofthesourcesyourefertointhemainbodyofyourassignmentneedtobelistedattheendoftheassignmentinareferencelist.Youneedtolistonlythosesourcesfromwhichyouhaveeitheredorparaphrased.Forexample,youdonothavetolistbooksyouusedforbackgroundreadingpurposes.1.1Pre-readingTaskAnswerthefollowingquestions:Whydowereference?Howdoweusuallyreference?Howdowecreateareferencelist?Howmanyreferencingstylesdoyouknow?1.2ReadingPassagePassage1：ScienceReferenceStyleScienceusesanumberingsystemforreferencesandnotes.Thisallowsexplanatoryormoredetailednotestobeincludedwiththereferences.Journalnamesareabbreviatedbyusingcommonabbreviationstosavespace.GENERALNOTESPlacecitationnumbersforreferencesandnoteswithinparentheses,italicized:(18,19)(18-20)(18,20-22).Donotusesuperscriptnumbers.Citationsarenumberedsequentially,firstinthetext,thenthroughthereferencesandnotes,thenthroughthefigureandtablecaptions,andfinallythroughthesupportingonlinematerial.Theacknowledgmentsfollowasanunnumberednote.Eachreferencecanbelistedonlyonce.Separateindividualreferencesfromotherreferencesandfromanytextnotes.(Thisisachangefromourpreviousstyletosimplifyreferencingandfacilitateonlinelinkingofreferences.)Eachreferenceshouldhaveitsownnumberandnotincludeothertext.Anyreferencetoapersonalcommunicationshouldbegivenanumberinthetextandplaced,incorrectsequence,inthereferencesandnotes.Itmustbeaccompaniedbyawrittenletterofpermission.Atthetimeofpublication,allcitedreferencesmustbepublished.Papersthatare"inpress"canbecitedinasubmission,butthepapermustbeavailabletoprovidetoreviewers,andanacceptedpaperwillbehelduntilallreferencesarepublished.DatasupportingtheresultsorconclusionsshouldbeincludedinthepaperorSupportingOnlineMaterialormustbearchivedinanappropriatedatabaseatthetimeofpublicationandmadeavailableforreviewers.Notesshouldbeusedforinformationaimedatthespecialist(e.g.,procedures)ortoprovidedefinitionsorfurtherinformationtothegeneralreaderthatarenotessentialtothedataorarguments.Notescanciteotherreferences(bynumber).Pleasedonotplacetableswithinnotes.Ifyouareincludingmaterialsandmethodsinsupportingonlinematerial,pleasecitethis(whereverappropriate)asasinglenumberednoteinthetext,inthesamefashionasothernotes.Forthenote,useaformsuchasthis:"InformationonmaterialsandmethodsisavailableonScienceOnline."(ThecorrectWebaddresswillbeappendedbySciencestaff.)Forinformationonhowtoreferenceothersupportingonlinematerialinthemanuscripttext,pleaseseeourspecificguidelinesonthismaterial.Thereshouldbeonereferencelistthatincludespaperscitedinthemainpaperandthenpaperscitedonlywithinthesupportingonlinematerial.Citationsinthesupportingonlinematerialcan...