绵阳官司河流域主要森林类型凋落物研究*骆宗诗向成华慕长龙(四川省林业科学研究院四川成都610081)摘要:对绵阳官司河流域代表性森林一一栢柏混交林、柏木纯林、松栋混交林和松柏混交林的凋落物彊、组成特征和季节动态变化及其凋落物中N、P、K含量进行了定位观测和研究，结果衣明：其年均凋落物量分别为4.229(3.732〜4.828)、5.133(4.215-6.545)>5.701(5.133-6.642)和5.351(4.762~5.854)〔・hm3叶、枝、花果、松皮和杂物的比例分别为72.1:8.9:11.9:0:7.1>75.4:9.0:9.0:0:6.5、79.7:11.0:6.3:0.5:2.4和60.4:9.5:16.0:7.5:6.5；灌木凋落量分别占总凋落量的16.4%、1.5%、9.5%和12.1%；凋落物的年变化规律为：栢柏混交林和柏木林主要集屮在生长季，松柏混交林为双峰型，出现在生长季早期和休眠期，松栋混交林为单峰型，为12月；凋落物中N、P、K元素含戢以N素最高，其次是K素，P素最少，N、P、K总彊分别为62.702、70.596、79.228和80.011kg-hm^a'1.,关键词:凋落物;养分贮存;防护林;官司河流域：:S718155文献标识码:AThelitterfallofmajorforestsinGuansiRiverWatershedinMianyangCity,SichuanProvinceLUOZong-shi,XIANGCheng-hua,Muchang-long{SichucmAcademyofForestry,SichuanProvince,Chengdu610081.China),ActaEcologicaSinica,Abstract:Theamount,composition,seasonalpatternoflitterfallsanditsnitrogen,phosphorandpotassiumcontentsinfourtypicalforests(i.c.AInus-Cupressusmixedforest(A.C.),Cupressusfunehrisforest(C.P),Pinusmassoniana-Quercusmixedforest(P.Q.)andP.massoniana-C.funebrismixedforest(P.C.))weremeasuredinGuansiRiverWatershedinMianyangCitiy.Theresultsshowedthatthemeanannuallitterfallproductionswere4.229and5.133and5.701and5.351thm2,respective!y.ThelitterfallinA・C・forestwascomposedof72.1%ofleaves,8.9%ofbranches,11.9%offlowersandfruitsand7.1%ofothermixed-matter.InC.P.forestthelitterfallofleaves,branches,flowersandfruit,andothersamountedto75.4%,9.0%,9.0%and6.5%oftotallitterfall.InP.Q.foreststhecomponentoflittcrfallwas79.7%,11.0%,6.3%,0.5%and2.4%fortheleaves,branches,flowersandfruit,pinebark,andothers,respectively.Thesewere60.4%,9.5%,16.0%,7.5%and6.5%inP.C.forests.Thelitterfallproductionsofshrubaccountedto16.4%and1.5%and9.5%and12」％oftotallitterfallofthecorrespondentforests,respective!y.Theseasonalpatternsoflitterfallproductionyariedwiththedifferentstands・ThelitterfallproductionpeakedattheearlierofgrowingseasonanddormancyforP.C.stands,andinDecemberforP.Q.stands・Thenitrogencontentinlitterfallwashighestfollowedbypotassiomandphosphor.TheamountofN,PandKinlittcrfallwasmeasuredat62.702and70.596and79.228and80.011kg-hm'2-a-1in2003,respectively.Keywords:Litterfall;Nutrientstorage;Protectionforest;GuansiRiverWatershed凋落物是森林生态系统的重要组成部分⑴叫是林地有机质的主要物质库和维持土壤肥力的基础，是生态系统内物质循环的中心环节厲叫同时，枯枝落叶层可以提高地表持水量，减少地表径流，在森林生态系统水量平衡中起着重要的调节作用⑹，所以森林凋落物一直是森林生态系统功能的重要研究内容。国外对森林凋落物的研究最早可追朔到1876年，徳国学者E.Ebennayer在其经典著作《森林凋落物产量及其化基金项目:国家“十一五”科技支撑项冃(2006BAD03A05-1);四川林业科技先导计划重点创新工程项冃(编号：研究04-13)收稿日期：修订日期：作者简介:骆宗诗(1963—),男，湖南桂阳人，硕士，助理研究员，主耍从事森林生态学研E-niail:luozongshi168@yahooFoundationitem:TheprojectwassupportedbyNationalandTechnologyofChina(No.2006BADO3AO5-1):theKeyProjectofPre-planningofSichuanForestryScienceandTechnology,China(No:04-13).Receiveddate:Accepteddate:Biography:LUOZong-shi,Master,assistantprofessor,mainlyengagedinforestecology...