Chapter10LanguageandComputerWhatiscomputationallinguistics?Computationallinguisticsisabranchofappliedlinguistics,dealingwithcomputerprocessingofhumanlanguage.(1)Itincludestheanalysisoflanguagedatasoastoestablishtheorderinwhichlearnersacquirevariousgrammaticalrulesorthefrequencyofoccurrenceofsomeparticularitem.(2)Itincludeselectronicproductionofartificialspeechandtheautomaticrecognitionofhumansp...
Chapter5Meaning5.1Meaningsof“meaning”1.Meaning:Meaningreferstowhatalanguageexpressesabouttheworldweliveinoranypossibleorimaginaryworld.2.Connotation:Theadditionalmeaningthatawordorphrasehasbeyonditscentralmeaning.3.Denotation:Thatpartofthemeaningsofawordorphrasethatrelatesittophenomenaintherealworldorinafictionalorpossibleword.4.Differenttypesofmeaning(RecognizedbyLeech,1974)(1)Conceptualmean...
Chapter3Lexicon3.1Whatisword?1.Whatisalexeme?Alexemeisthesmallestunitinthemeaningsystemofalanguagethatcanbedistinguishedfromothersimilarunits.Itisanabstractunit.Itcanoccurinmanydifferentformsinactualspokenorwrittensentences,andisregardedasthesamelexemeevenwheninflected.E.g.theword“write”isthelexemeof“write,writes,wrote,writingandwritten.”2.Whatisamorpheme?Amorphemeisthesmallestunitoflanguag...
Chapter2SpeechSounds2.1SpeechproductionandperceptionPhoneticsisthestudyofspeechsounds.Itincludesthreemainareas:1.Articulatoryphonetics–thestudyoftheproductionofspeechsounds2.Acousticphonetics–thestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofthesoundsproducedinspeech3.Auditoryphonetics–thestudyofperceptionofspeechsoundsMostphoneticiansareinterestedinarticulatoryphonetics.2.2SpeechorgansSpeechorgansarethosepa...
1.designfeatures:refertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethattellthedifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanysystemofanimalcommunication.Theyarefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguages,suchasarbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,culturaltransmission,etc.2.function:theuseoflanguagetocommunicate,tothink,etc.Languagefunctionsincludeinformativefunction,interpersonalfunction,performativefunction,em...
